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protocone

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1
protocone
ˈprotocone Zool. [f. proto- + cone n.1] An inner cusp on the front corner of a mammalian upper molar tooth.1888 H. F. Osborn in Amer. Naturalist XXII. 1072 (table) Proposed terms... Protocone... Protoconule... Protoconid. 1896 Proc. Zool. Soc. 573 In the deciduous 4th premolar [of Centetes] likewise... Oxford English Dictionary
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Falcatodon
Morales and Pickford (2017, p. 344) diagnose Falcatodon as follows: "Medium sized Hyainailourinae, differing from Metapterodon by the reduction of the protocone It differs from Isohyaenodon, Sectisodon and Exiguodon, by the lesser reduction of the protocone in the upper molars which, above all, retain a stretched wikipedia.org
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protoconule
protoconule Zool. (-ˈkəʊnjʊl) [f. protocone + -ule.] An intermediate cusp between the protocone and the paracone of a mammalian upper molar tooth.1888 [see protocone]. 1905 [see metaconule]. 1933 A. S. Romer Vertebr. Paleont. xii. 248 Between protocone and paracone there is often a smaller cusp, the... Oxford English Dictionary
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Kharodacetus
The molars have a large protocone (unlike Babiacetus) and a large metacone (unlike Maiacetus), and are, relative to P4, longer than in other protocetids wikipedia.org
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metaconule
metaconule Zool. (mɛtəˈkəʊnjʊl) [f. metacone + -ule.] An intermediate cusp between the hypocone and the metacone of a mammalian upper molar tooth.1888 H. F. Osborn in Amer. Naturalist XXII. 1074 The Bunodont series are universally characterized by the initial or advanced development of the proto- an... Oxford English Dictionary
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Nalacetus
In the cheek teeth of Pakicetus, the protocone lobe increases from the first molar to the third. In Nalacetus, in contrast, the protocone lobe is larger in the first molar than in the second. wikipedia.org
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Sectisodon
Protocone very reduced, flattened and extending basally beyond the base of the paracone. P3 short, with tall main cusp, posterior cusplet moderate, and much reduced protocone. Basal lingual cingulum strong, weaker on the buccal side. wikipedia.org
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Isohyaenodon
distinguished from Hyaenodon in having more robust molars, lower molars with a subequal paraconid and protoconid, and upper molars with a more well-developed protocone wikipedia.org
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Indocetus
M1 and M2 have large protocone lobs. wikipedia.org
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Tupaia miocenica
A large cusp, the protocone, is on the front lingual corner. However, this species is smaller and unlike in T. miocenica, the hypocone is not isolated from the protocone by a narrow valley. wikipedia.org
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Exiguodon
Occlusal outline sub-triangular, with greatly reduced protocone, which appears like an antero-lingual cingulum which extends anteriorly and buccally. P4 broadened, with reduced protocone and presence of a notch between the main conical cusp and the blade-like posterior cusp. wikipedia.org
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Namibiocyon
The P4 possesses a greatly reduced protocone, a short metastyle and completely lacks a parastyle. The similar sized paraconule and metaconule both back onto a dune-shaped protocone. Its trigon possesses a deep central valley. wikipedia.org
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Ambondro mahabo
colleagues identified two wear facets at the front and back margins of the talonid basin; they argue that these wear facets suggest the presence of a protocone Based in part on Martin and Rauhut's earlier work on wear facets in australosphenidans, they questioned the presence of a true functional protocone on wikipedia.org
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Galerix kostakii
With characters like the presence of a hypocone (fourth cusp) on the upper third premolar, the presence of a connection between the protocone and metaconule Members of the related genus Parasorex are similar, but never have a protocone-metaconule connection, which is still occasionally present in G. kostakii wikipedia.org
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Molar (tooth)
The protocone is typically missing. The two smaller labial cusps are located on an expanded shelf called the stylar shelf. A protocone is present lingual to the ectoloph. Dilambdodont molars are present in shrews, moles, and some insectivorous bats. wikipedia.org
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