sulpha- Pharm.
(ˈsʌlfə)
Also (chiefly U.S.) sulfa-, (before a vowel) sulph-.
[f. sulphanilamide.]
Formative element in the names of drugs derived from sulphanilamide, as sulphaˈcetamide [acetamide], the sulphonamide CH3CO·NH·SO2·C6H4·NH2, which is used in the form of the sodium salt in the treatment of eye infections; N1-acetylsulphanilamide; sulphaˈdiazine [azine b], the readily absorbed sulphonamide C4H3N2·NH·SO2·C6H4·NH2, which is used in the treatment of meningococcal meningitis; N1-pyrimidin-2-ylsulphanilamide; sulphaˈdimidine [di- + pyrimidine], the readily absorbed sulphonamide (CH3)2C4H2N2·NH·SO2·C6H4·NH2, used in the treatment of a wide range of systemic and urinary tract infections; N1-(4,6-dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)sulphanilamide; sulphaˈfurazole [furan + pyrazole], the readily absorbed sulphonamide (CH3)2C3NO·NH·SO2·C6H4·NH2, which is used in the treatment of infections of the urinary tract; N1-(3,4-dimethyliosoxazol-5-yl)sulphanilamide = sulphisoxazole below; sulphaˈguanidine [guanidine], the poorly absorbed sulphonamide HN:C(NH2)·NH·SO2·C6H4·NH2, formerly used in the treatment of intestinal infections; N1-guanidinylsulphanilamide; sulphaˈmethazine [methyl + azine] = sulphadimidine above; sulphaˈmethizole [methyl + thio- + dia)zole (f. diazo- + -ole], the readily absorbed sulphonamide CH3·C2N2S2·NH·SO2·C6H4·NH2, which is used in treating coliform infections of the urinary tract; N1-(5-methyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)sulphanilamide; ˌsulphameˈthoxazole [methyl + is)oxazole s.v. iso- b], the sulphonamide CH3·C3HNO·NH·SO2·C6H4·NH2, used in the treatment of respiratory and urinary tract infections, and as a component of the preparation co-trimoxazole; N1-(5-methylisoxazol-3-yl)sulphanilamide; ˌsulphameˌthoxypyˈridazine [methoxy- + pyridazine], the long-acting sulphonamide CH3O·C4N2H2·NH·SO2·C6H4·NH2, used in the treatment of systemic and urinary tract infections; N1-(6-methoxypyridazin-3-yl)sulphanilamide; Sulphaˈmezathine, a proprietary name for sulphadimidine (sulphamethazine); sulphaˈpyridine [pyridine], the readily absorbed sulphonamide C5H4N·NH·SO2·C6H4·NH2, which is used chiefly in the treatment of dermatitis herpetiformis; N1-pyridin-2-ylsulphanilamide; sulphaˈsalazine [salicyl + azine], the sulphonamide C5H4N·NH·SO2·C6H4·N:N·C6H(OH)COOH, which is used in conjunction with corticosteroids in the treatment of ulcerative colitis; 4-hydroxy-4{p}-(2-pyridylsulphamoyl)azobenzene-3-carboxylic acid; Sulphaˈtriad, a proprietary name for a mixed sulphonamide drug containing sulphadiazine, sulphamerazine, and sulphathiazole, used in the treatment of acute infections; sulphiˈsoxazole Pharm. [isoxazole s.v. iso- b] = sulphafurazole above.
| 1941 Pharm. Jrnl. 29 Nov. 188/3 Sulphacetamide is a name which it has been proposed should be adopted for the preparation now known under the trade mark ‘Albucid’. 1975 Prescribers' Jrnl. XV. 139 Sulphacetamide in the form of eye drops and ointment can produce sensitivity reactions on the skin around the eyes. |
| 1940 R. O. Roblin et al. in Jrnl. Amer. Chem. Soc. LXII. 2002/2 In order to avoid possible confusion between sulfapyridine and sulfapyrimidine, the term sulfadiazines is suggested for these [pyrimidine] compounds. 1943 [see sulphathiazole]. 1956 I. L. Finar Org. Chem. II. xviii. 668 Sulphadiazine..is less toxic than Sulphathiazole; it is the most widely used of the ‘sulpha’ drugs, its main use being for mild infections. 1980 Jrnl. Med. Microbiol. XIII. 131 At therapeutic levels in blood, trimethoprim and sulphadiazine singly produced mainly a bactericidal action on pathogens responsible for urinary-tract infections. |
| 1950 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 12 Aug. 409/1 Sulphadimidine (‘sulphamezathine’) and Sulphamerazine (U.S.P.) have almost identical qualities. 1961 [see sulfaquinoxaline s.v. sulfa-]. 1977 Martindale's Extra Pharmacopoeia (ed. 27) 1479/2 Sulphadimidine penetrates into cerebrospinal fluid less readily than sulphadiazine and is usually less effective than sulphadiazine in meningeal infections. |
| 1961 Lancet 22 July 178/1 Rebollo..claimed a cure [for meningitis due to Pseudomonas pyocyanea] with sulphafurazole, given orally. 1976 Ibid. 11 Dec. 1276/1, 91 men with nongonococcal urethritis (N.G.U.) were randomly treated with..sulphafurazole (sulfisoxazole). |
| 1941 Jrnl. Amer. Med. Assoc. 3 May 2019/2 For 2-sulfanilamidopyrimidine it [sc. the Council on Pharmacy and Chemistry of the American Medical Association] adopted the term sulfadiazine and for sulfanilylguanidine the term sulfaguanidine. 1943 Listener 16 Sept. 321/2 A quite new drug, sulphaguanidine, shows promise for the treatment of bacillary dysentery; it succeeds here..because much of it is not absorbed, and it therefore remains to act in the intestine. 1958 E. Newby Short Walk in Hindu Kush xviii. 220 Everyone..was now suffering from dysentery. We all munched sulphaguanadine tablets but even these failed. 1977 Martindale's Extra Pharmacopoeia (ed. 27) 1483/1 Sulphaguanidine has been employed for the treatment of local intestinal infections..though it has now been largely superseded by the less toxic sulphonamides, phthalylsulphathiazole and succinylsulphathiazole. |
| 1942 Lancet 30 May 639/1 In the summer of 1941 our attention was drawn by Drs. Martin and Rose of the research laboratories of Imperial Chemical (Pharmaceuticals) Ltd. to a near relation of sulphadiazine..to which the name sulphamethazine has been given. 1951 A. Grollman Pharmacol. & Therapeutics xxi. 434 Sulfamethazine.., the methyl derivative of sulfamerazine resembles the latter in action and is used for the same purposes as sulfamerazine and sulfadiazine. 1965 Pharmacopeia U.S.A. (ed. 17) 785 U.S.P. XVII Title..Sulfamethazine. Other Designation(s)... Sulphadimidine (BP). 1978 Spinelli & Enos Drugs in Vet. Pract. x. 135/1 Foot rot... The following can be used: 1. Sulfamethazine, starting with one intravenous injection [etc.]. |
| 1952 Chem. Abstr. XLVI. 686 Sulfathiazole, sulfadiazine, and sulfamethizole have been detd. by this method in various pharm. prepns. 1977 Lancet 16 Apr. 863/2 Sulphamethizole and alkali were prescribed pending a culture report. |
| 1960 Antibiotics & Chemotherapy (N.Y.) X. 572 A new sulfonamide compound, sulfamethoxazole, is identified chemically as 5-methyl-3-sulfanilamidoisoxazole. 1977 Lancet 2 July 4/1 Much of the shigellosis could be successfully treated with ampicillin trihydrate and closely related antibiotics, or with co-trimoxazole (trimethoprim and sulphamethoxazole). 1981 H. J. Rogers et al. Textbk. Clin. Pharmacol. xix. 653 Sulphamethoxazole is about 50% metabolised so that much reaches the urine in an inactive form. |
| 1956 Antibiotic Med. & Clin. Therapy III. 386 A new antibacterial sulfonamide, sulfamethoxypyridazine, has been studied in 67 patients. 1980 Biochem. Pharmacol. XXIX. 984/1 Kidney weight/body weight ratio, DNA and protein concentrations of kidney cortex were determined in 55-day-old rats repeatedly pretreated with saline, PAH, sulfamethoxypyridazine, cyclopenthiazide and phenobarbital, respectively. |
| 1943 Trade Marks Jrnl. 6 Oct. 421/2 Sulphamezathine... Pharmaceutical organic substances being sulphanilamido compounds for veterinary use. Imperial Chemical (Pharmaceuticals) Ltd. 1944 Pharmaceutical Jrnl. 8 Apr. 154a/3 Imperial Chemicals (Pharmaceuticals), Ltd., now offer their ‘Sulphamezathine’ brand of sulphadimethylpyrimidine in the form of a stable solution of the sodium salt. 1970 Country Life 26 Feb. 491/1 The drinking water should be dosed with sulphamezathine to prevent coccidiosis. |
| 1939 Jrnl. Amer. Med. Assoc. 7 Jan. 49/2 Recent reports from investigators indicate that a pyridine derivative of sulfanilamide..is apparently more promising in the treatment of certain types of pneumonia than sulfanilamide itself... The Council has therefore adopted the term ‘sulfapyridine’. 1942 Times 30 Nov. 2/3 In 1939, by skilled use of the new drug sulphapyridine, it [sc. the fatality rate in spotted fever] was brought down to 33 per cent. 1957 [see M and B]. 1967 [see sulphanilamide]. 1981 H. J. Rogers et al. Textbk. Clin. Pharmacol. xix. 649 Sulphapyridine in low doses over prolonged periods may control dermatitis herpetiformis. |
| 1948 Trade Marks Jrnl. 12 May 348/2 Sulphatriad... Pharmaceutical preparations of sulphonamides... May & Baker Limited... Manufacturing chemists. 1950 ‘N. Shute’ Town like Alice vi. 184 The flies would probably result in dysentery but she knew what to do about that; she had plenty of sulphatriad. 1968 J. H. Burn Lect. Notes Pharmacol. (ed. 9) 101 If three sulphonamides are used together, as in Sulphatriad, only one-third of the amount of each need be used. |
| 1965 Pharmacopeia U.S.A. (ed. 17) 785 U.S.P. XVII Title... Sulfisoxazole. Other Designation(s)... Sulphafurazole (BP). 1976 [see sulphafurazole above]. 1977 Lancet 2 July 4/1 Most of the S. flexneri strains were resistant to tetracycline, streptomycin, and sulphafurazole diethanolamine (sulfisoxazole dialomine). |
| 1952 H. Beckman Pharmacol. in Clin. Pract. 648 The principal ones [sc. sulphonamides] in current use are sulfadiazine, sulfamerazine, Sulfamethazine..and sulfisoxazole. |