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polyarchy
polyarchy (ˈpɒlɪɑːkɪ) Also 7–8 erron. polygarchy. [ad. Gr. πολυαρχία rule by many, f. πολυ-, poly- + -αρχία rule. The β form polygarchy, after med.L. polygarchia, obs. F. poligarchie, Sp. poligarquia, Pg. polygarchia, It. poligarchia, arising (in med.L. or the Romanic langs.) from assimilation to ol...
Oxford English Dictionary
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Polyarchy
In political science, the term polyarchy ( "many", arkhe "rule") was used by Robert A. Characteristics
Polyarchy and its procedures may be insufficient for achieving full democracy.
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polyarchal
polyˈarchal, a. rare—1. [f. as polyarchy + -al1.] Having many rulers. So polyˈarchical a. (rare), of the nature of or pertaining to a polyarchy (opp. to monarchical); ˈpolyarchist (rare), one who advocates or believes in a polyarchy.1896 Boscawen Bible & Monuments v. 112 The Deluge formed the rubico...
Oxford English Dictionary
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polyarchic
polyarchic, a. (pɒlɪˈɑːkɪk) [f. polyarchy + -ic.] Of, pertaining to, or having the characteristics of a polyarchy.1892 G. Gissing Born in Exile II. iv. i. 164 He could admit that such men as Runcorn and Kenyon—the one with his polyarchic commercialism, the other with his demagogic violence—had possi...
Oxford English Dictionary
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Yes, the Republican Party has become pathological. But why?
Why did so many Republicans support Trump? Most voted for him simply because he was the Republican nominee. About 30 percent of Trump voters said they were voting primarily against Clinton.
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Charles E. Lindblom
However, Lindblom soon began to see the shortcomings of polyarchy with regard to democratic governance. , he also became critical of polyarchy in general and its U.S. form in particular.
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Charles Sabel
Together with Joshua Cohen and others he developed the theory of directly deliberative polyarchy or democratic experimentalism, which is related to the
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polyarchism
polyarchism (ˈpɒlɪɑːkɪz(ə)m) [f. polyarchy + -ism.] The principles or practice of polyarchy.1915 E. Barker in Political Q. Feb. 120 This may seem anarchism. Really it is polyarchism. And as for the problem of polyarchism—why..it is likely to be settled by the needs of mere ordered life. 1917 H. J. L...
Oxford English Dictionary
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Production equipment control
The most widely known architectures involve hierarchy, polyarchy, hetaerarchy and hybrid.
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pollarchy
pollarchy rare. (ˈpɒləkɪ) [f. Gr. πολλ-οί in phr. οἱ πολλοί the many, the multitude, after monarchy, oligarchy, etc.: cf. polyarchy.] The rule of the multitude; government by the mob.1862 Russell Diary North & South II. 340 A contest..between those representing the oligarchical principle and the pol...
Oxford English Dictionary
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Alabama Camps
African Americans assisted with this process by adding their beliefs to the polyarchy, a term used by Robert Dahl, which used many cultural views to approach While not solely responsible, the African Americans' beliefs certainly made the polyarchy more diverse, which helped it to be more effective.
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polarchy
† ˈpolarchy obs. erron. form for polyarchy, government by many, or by a number of persons. So † ˈpolarch, one of the persons so governing; † poˈlarchical a., pertaining to or of the nature of a ‘polarchy’; † ˈpolarchist, an advocate of ‘polarchy’.1647 M. Hudson Div. Right Govt. i. viii. 63 The Erect...
Oxford English Dictionary
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多头政体
为了避免语义上的混乱,达尔主张将Democracy改为Polyarchy(多头政体)。
概要
达尔认为,习用的“民主”是一个不精确的术语。在他看来,民主制最重要的特点是,“可以完全或近乎完全地对所有公民的要求做出反应”。达尔承认,这个定义过于理想化,以此衡量,当今世界没有一个政府可称得上“民主”。
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Democracy and Its Critics
See also
Polyarchy
Notes
1989 non-fiction books
American political books
Books about democracy
Yale University Press books
Criticism of democracy
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