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polyarchy

polyarchy
  (ˈpɒlɪɑːkɪ)
  Also 7–8 erron. polygarchy.
  [ad. Gr. πολυαρχία rule by many, f. πολυ-, poly- + -αρχία rule. The β form polygarchy, after med.L. polygarchia, obs. F. poligarchie, Sp. poligarquia, Pg. polygarchia, It. poligarchia, arising (in med.L. or the Romanic langs.) from assimilation to oligarchia, oligarchy, was the usual one in 17–18th c.]
  1. The government of a state or city by many: contrasted with monarchy.

1609 C. Butler Fem. Mon. (1634) 5 The Bees abhor as well Polyarchy as Anarchy. 1686 J. Scott Chr. Life (1696) 56 Any Government..whether it be Monarchy or Polyarchy. 1823 Southey Hist. Penins. War I. 615 The inevitable ruin which a polyarchy of independent Juntas would bring on. 1890 J. H. Stirling Gifford Lect. viii. 153 Polyarchy is anarchy.


β [1611 Cotgr., Poligarchie, a monarchie diuided into sundrie parts; or such a diuision.] 1643 Herle Answ. Ferne 32 The extreames of these three kinds of..Government are tyrannie, oligarchie, polygarchie (i.e.) of one, of many, and of all, when arbitrary and unbounded in their governments. 1656 Blount Glossogr., Polygarchy. 1706 Phillips, Polygarchy, the Government of a Commonwealth in the Hands of many. 1721–90 Bailey, Polygarchy. 1804 Ann. Reg. 682 It was thought that an infallible remedy had been discovered for popular convulsions in a polygarchy.

   b. (erron. use, after heptarchy.) A group of many kingdoms.

1826 Southey Vind. Eccl. Angl. 68 Wessex, one of the most flourishing kingdoms of the Anglo-Saxon polyarchy. 1832–4 De Quincey Cæsars Wks. 1862 IX. 200 A polyarchy (such as the Saxons established in England).

  2. Bot. [f. polyarch; cf. dichogamy, heterostyly, etc.] The condition of being polyarch.

1884 Bower & Scott De Bary's Phaner. 357 The thick roots of Iris, Asparagus, Smilax (Sarsaparilla), Palms, &c., are examples of a high degree of polyarchy.

Oxford English Dictionary

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