sucrose Chem.
(ˈs(j)uːkrəʊs)
[f. F. sucre sugar + -ose2.]
1. † a. Any one of the sugars having the composition (C12H22O11) and properties of cane-sugar; = saccharose. Obs.
| 1862 [see prec.]. 1866 Roscoe Elem. Chem. 322 Saccharine..Bodies..may be divided into three classes: (1) Sucroses..(2) Glucoses..(3) Amyloses. 1897 Allbutt's Syst. Med. III. 200 The sucroses..cane-sugar, maltose, and lactose. |
b. spec. a white crystalline sugar, C
12H
22O
11, which can be derived from sugar-cane, sugar beet, and in lesser quantities from most other plants, and is used as a sweetener;
= saccharose.
In chemical terms, sucrose is an optically active disaccharide composed of d-fructose and d-glucose and having a structure described by the systematic name α
-d-glucopyranosyl-(1,2)-β
-d-fructofuranoside.
| 1857 W. A. Miller Elem. Chem. III. ii. 54 Cane sugar or Sucrose (C12H11O11).—This variety of sugar is chiefly obtained from the sugar cane. 1888 Bloxam Chemistry (ed. 6) 644 Sucrose fuses at 160°C. (320°F.), and does not crystallize on cooling. 1903 A. J. Walker tr. Holleman's Textbk. Org. Chem. i. 274 On hydrolysis sucrose yields d-glucose and d-fructose in equal proportions. 1964 N. G. Clark Mod. Org. Chem. viii. 138 Molasses is the dark syrup remaining after the removal of crystallized sugar from evaporated sugar-cane juice or the aqueous extract of sugar beet; it contains between 40 and 50 per cent of sucrose (table sugar). 1980 C. W. Spangler Org. Chem. i. xii. 248 Lactose and sucrose are two of the more common disaccharides. |
2. attrib. and
Comb., as
sucrose (density) gradient Biochem., a gradient of sucrose concentration used in the centrifugation of biological media to prevent convection currents;
freq. attrib.;
sucrose phosphate, any of the esters that can be formed between sucrose and phosphoric acid;
sucrose phosphorylase, a bacterial enzyme which catalyses the breakdown of sucrose, ultimately producing glucose-1-phosphate and fructose.
| 1944 Jrnl. Exper. Med. LXXIX. 304 Concurrent experiments..performed without the protective action of a *sucrose gradient showed no indication of a sedimentation boundary. 1947 Ann. Rev. Microbiol. I. 362 Friedewald & Pickels.., by centrifugation in a sucrose density gradient so as to reduce convection, noted differences between PR8 and Lee strains. 1968 H. Harris Nucleus & Cytoplasm iii. 43 (caption) Sucrose-density-gradient sedimentation pattern of a crude extract of Escherichia coli cells exposed to [14C] uracil for 20 seconds. 1979 Biochim. & Biophysica Acta DLXIV. 191 Sucrose density gradient analysis of the postribosomal fraction of muscle and liver revealed that the sedimentation profiles of the synthetases of the two tissues were similar. |
| 1938 Chem. Abstr. XXXII. 5920 The rabbit paw was injected with 10 cc. of 2% aq. solns. of..Ca *sucrosephosphate. 1960 Plant Physiol. XXXV. 269/2 Any sucrose-phosphate which is formed is ultimately dephosphorylated by enzymes in sugar beet tissue at some stage prior to storage in the root. 1979 Infection & Immunity XXIV. 868/1 Hydrolysis of sucrose phosphate would be expected to yield glucose 6-phosphate and fructose. |
| 1943 Jrnl. Biol. Chem. CLI. 360 It is possible to obtain active preparations of *sucrose phosphorylase relatively free of invertase and phosphatase. 1977 Jrnl. Molecular Catalysis II. 453 The interest in sucrose phosphorylase lies in the fact that a stable and re-usable insoluble preparation can be useful for both preparative and analytical purposes. |