adenosine Biochem.
(əˈdɛnəʊsɪn)
Also adenosin.
[ad. G. adenosin (P. A. Levene and W. A. Jacobs 1909, in Ber. d. Deut. Chem. Ges. XLII. 2703), blend of adenine and ribose.]
a. A nucleoside (C10H13N5O4) found chiefly in striated muscle tissue and derived from ribose nucleic acid.
| 1909 Chem. Abstr. 2563, d-Ribose is also produced by the hydrolysis of adenosin. 1911 Jrnl. Biol. Chem. IX. 171 The other nucleoside (adenosine) is composed of d-ribose and adenine, and upon acid hydrolysis gives directly precipitable adenine. 1929 Jrnl. Physiol. LXVII. p. xxxvi, The activity of adenosine liberated from the picrate is of the same order as the substance isolated from heart muscle. 1954 Lancet 22 May 1071/1 Hereditary spherocytosis (H.S.)... In some H.S. bloods both the metabolic defect and the fragility were reversible with mannose, glucose, or adenosine. |
b. Comb., as adenosine monophosphate (abbrev. A.M.P.), adenosine diphosphate (A.D.P.); and esp. adenosine triphosphate (A.T.P.), a derivative of adenosine important as a source of energy for the contraction of muscles and for other biochemical processes.
| 1911 Jrnl. Biol. Chem. IX. 180 This is a demonstration of adenosine-desamidase in the practical absence of guanosine-desamidase. 1929 Science LXX. 381/1 The adenosine phosphoric acid isolated about two years ago from voluntary muscle is not identical with that obtained from yeast nucleic acid. 1938 Chem. Abstr. 6271 Reduction of Cz by the substrate is favored by addn. of adenosine diphosphate. 1939 Ibid. 187 Di-adenosine tetraphosphate consists of one mol. adenylic acid and 1 mol. adenosine triphosphate. 1939 M. Stephenson Bacterial Metabolism (ed. 2) iv. 80 Under the influence of the enzymes in yeast-juice and extracts of dried yeast..A.T.P. can be dephosphorylated in two ways. 1950 Arch. Biochem. XXVIII. 346 Adenosine diphosphate and monophosphate were equally as effective as the triphosphate. 1954 Sci. Amer. May 44/2 The particles in the cytoplasm of fruit cells..take up inorganic phosphate and add it to adenosine monophosphate (AMP) to form the diphosphate (ADP) and triphosphate (ATP). 1960 New Biol. XXXI. 34 The nucleotide itself is called adenosine monophosphoric acid (AMP). |
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Add: [b.] adenosine deaminase, an enzyme which catalyses the deamination of adenosine to inosine; abbrev. ADA s.v. *A III.
| 1937 Nature 10 Apr. 627/1 All the adenosine deaminase previously found in muscle and liver may have been really contained in the residual blood in these tissues. 1991 U.S. News & World Rep. 4 Nov. 69/1 The disease Anderson and his colleagues..chose to investigate was adenosine deaminase (ADA) deficiency, an inherited disorder that destroys the body's immune cells. |