obligately, adv. Biol.
(ˈɒblɪgətlɪ)
[f. obligate ppl. a. + -ly2.]
Out of necessity, because restricted to such a mode of life or such environmental conditions.
| 1952 [see saprobe]. 1955 New Biol. XVIII. 54 These nitrogen-fixing bacteria were found to differ strikingly in that Clostridium is obligately anaerobic, i.e. able to grow only in the absence of oxygen. 1967 Oceanogr. & Marine Biol. V. 194 An obligately psychrophilic marine bacterium. 1971 [see halophilic a.]. 1974 Nature 18 Oct. 574/2 Whether a symbiotic association is mutualistic or obligately parasitic. |