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orthograde
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orthograde
orthograde, a. (ˈɔːθəʊgreɪd) [irreg. f. ortho- + L. -gradus walking: see grade n.] Holding the body upright.1902 A. Keith in Jrnl. Anat. & Physiol. XXXVII. 18 He [sc. the author] regards the primates as divided into two very distinct groups—those which carry the axis of the body in a horizontal posi...
Oxford English Dictionary
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Orthograde posture
This upright locomotion is called "orthograde posture". Orthograde posture in humans was made possible through millions of years of evolution. The skull was an indicator of orthograde posture because of the location and orientation of the foramen magnum.
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pronograde
pronograde, a. (ˈprəʊnəʊgreɪd) [f. L. prōn-us prone a. + -gradus going, walking: see grade n.] Moving on all fours.1902 [see orthograde a.]. 1918 F. Wood-Jones Probl. Man's Ancestry 22 The likeness [to man] still further diminished in the lemurs, and in the general run of pronograde quadrupedal mamm...
Oxford English Dictionary
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Pierolapithecus
Although the lumbars, ribs, and carpals are orthograde, the degree of this in the phalanges is only slight. The pelvis shares an ancestral template with Proconsul nyanzae, which was modified for orthograde behavior (assuming that hypothesis is accepted), and
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Apicoectomy
A root end surgery, also known as apicoectomy (apico- + -ectomy), apicectomy (apic- + -ectomy), retrograde root canal treatment (c.f. orthograde root canal
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trans-synaptic
trans-syˈnaptic, a. Physiol. Also transynaptic. [f. trans- 5 + synaptic a.] Involving transmission of a nerve impulse across a synapse. Hence trans-syˈnaptically adv.1954 Penfield & Jasper Epilepsy & Functional Anat. Human Brain v. 211 Under deep barbiturate anesthesia.., transynaptic conduction is ...
Oxford English Dictionary
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Hispanopithecus
The structure of the cortical bone at the proximal and distal ends of the femur, particularly the neck of the femoral head, indicate an orthograde body Recovered vertebrae indicate a relatively short, wide, and deep thorax support the orthograde posture for climbing, clambering, and feeding in an arboreal
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Incomplete Nature
Orthograde changes are caused internally. They are spontaneous changes. Because orthograde changes are driven by the internal geometry of a changing system, orthograde causes can be seen as analogous to Aristotle's formal cause
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Facultative bipedalism
In orangutans, bipedalism is more often considered an extension of "orthograde clamber" rather than an independent form of locomotion. Orthograde clamber is when the majority of the body mass is held up by the forelimbs.
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Suspensory behavior
Orthograde tail/quadrumanous-suspend: All five limbs help support the body while the back is vertical.
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Periradicular surgery
Filling the root canals of the tooth from the crown (orthograde root canal therapy) should be the first treatment option to resolve inflammation caused
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Bipedalism
The evolution of an orthograde posture would have been very helpful on a savanna as it would allow the ability to look over tall grasses in order to watch See also
Allometry
Orthograde posture
Quadrupedalism
Notes
References
Further reading
Darwin, C., "The Descent of Man and Selection in Relation to Sex
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Biofilling
Biofilling, also known as orthograde canal grafting technique or 4D sealing, is an endodontic root canal obturation technique with a Bioceramic material
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Vertical clinging and leaping
Indriidae)
(B) During the curled-up vertical cling leap, the torso is sub-orthograde with all limbs positioned in front of the body. (ex.
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Axonal transport
Anterograde transport
Anterograde (also called "orthograde") transport is movement of molecules/organelles outward, from the cell body (also called soma
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