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orthoclase
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orthoclase
orthoclase Min. (ˈɔːθəkleɪs) [mod. (Breithaupt, 1823) f. ortho- ‘straight, right’ + Gr. κλάσ-ις breaking, cleavage.] Common or potash feldspar, a silicate of aluminium and potassium, occurring in crystals or masses of various colours, characterized by two cleavages at right angles to each other.1849...
Oxford English Dictionary
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Orthoclase
Orthoclase, or orthoclase feldspar (endmember formula KAlSi3O8), is an important tectosilicate mineral which forms igneous rock. The gem known as moonstone (see below) is largely composed of orthoclase.
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Oligoclase
Oligoclase occurs, often accompanying orthoclase, as a constituent of plutonic igneous rocks such as granite, syenite, and diorite. The distinctive texture of rapakivi granite is due to oligoclase rims on orthoclase phenocrysts.
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Theralite
Essexites
Essexite is a form of silica-undersaturated pyroxene gabbro, containing nepheline and orthoclase as essential constituents, though often in The presence of orthoclase indicates a petrogenetic difference with nepheline gabbros.
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Unakite
Unakite is a metamorphic rock that is altered granite composed of pink orthoclase feldspar, green epidote, and generally colorless quartz. The dominant green epidote in unakite rocks is the metasomatic alteration product of plagioclase feldspar, while the orthoclase and quartz crystals remain
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Essexite
Higher than normal potassium favors the production of orthoclase, which is usually absent from most mafic igneous rocks. The presence of orthoclase indicates that it contains sufficient potassium to favor production of orthoclase over microcline or potassic oligoclase.
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Quartz monzonite
Quartz monzonite is an intrusive, felsic, igneous rock that has an approximately equal proportion of orthoclase and plagioclase feldspars. Cathrein in 1890 to orthoclase-bearing tonalite (likely a granodiorite) at Monte Adamello, Italy, in 1890, but later came to refer to quartz monzonite.
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Potassium feldspar
Potassium feldspar refers to a number of minerals in the feldspar group, and containing potassium:
Orthoclase (endmember formula KAlSi3O8), an important tectosilicate mineral that forms igneous rock
Microcline, chemically the same as orthoclase, but with a different crystalline structure
Sanidine, the
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Bazzite
It occurs associated with quartz, orthoclase, muscovite, laumontite, albite, hematite, calcite, chlorite, fluorite, beryl and bavenite.
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Tonalite
Cathrein in 1890 to orthoclase-bearing tonalite (likely a granodiorite) at Monte Adamello, Italy, in 1890, but later came to refer to quartz monzonite, Trondhjemite is an orthoclase-deficient variety of sodium-rich tonalite with minor biotite as the only mafic mineral, named after Norway's third largest
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Piemontite
Associated minerals include: epidote, tremolite, glaucophane, orthoclase, quartz and calcite.
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Rapakivi granite
The name has come to be used most frequently as a textural term where it implies plagioclase rims around orthoclase in plutonic rocks. Petrography
Vorma (1976) states that rapakivi granites can be defined as:
Orthoclase crystals have rounded shape
Most (but not all) orthoclase crystals
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Microcline
Microcline forms during slow cooling of orthoclase; it is more stable at lower temperatures than orthoclase. It is a fully ordered triclinic modification of potassium feldspar and is dimorphous with orthoclase.
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Moonstone (gemstone)
Geology
The most common moonstone is of the orthoclase feldspar mineral adularia, named for an early mining site near Mt. A solid solution of the plagioclase feldspar oligoclase +/− the potassium feldspar orthoclase also produces moonstone specimens.
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