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Carucate
The carucate or carrucate ( or ) was a medieval unit of land area approximating the land a plough team of eight oxen could till in a single annual season The tax levied on each carucate came to be known as "carucage".
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carue
† carue Old Law. Also 6 carewe, (7– erron. carve). [a. ONF. carue (mod.F. charrue = Pr. carruga, It. carruca):—L. carrūca (med.L. carrūca, carrūga, carrūa), used already in the Salic Law in the sense ‘plough’. See note to carucate. Mod.F. charrue is both plough and plough-land (or carucate), whence ...
Oxford English Dictionary
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Carruca
It gave its name to the English carucate.
The heavy iron moldboard plow was developed in China's Han Empire in the 1st and 2nd century. See also
History of the plow
Carucate
Literature
Western Civilization Sixth Edition by Jackson J.
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caruck
† ˈcaruck Obs. rare—1. [ad. med.L. car(r)ūca, as occasionally used for carucāta, like mod.F. charrue in sense of charruée.] = carucate.1627 Speed England Abr. xxviii. §3 These Parishes are measured by Hides, and Carucks, or Plough-lands.
Oxford English Dictionary
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Plough (disambiguation)
Dipper, an asterism in the constellation of Ursa Major
Plough (instrument), a type of backstaff, a device used for celestial navigation
Plough (unit), or carucate
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carrucate
† carucate, carrucate Feudal Syst. (ˈkærjuːkeɪt) [ad. med.L. car(r)ūcāta plough-gate, plough-land, f. car(r)ūca plough (see carue). The ONF. regular repr. of carrūcāta was car(r)uée, central F. char(r)uée: see -ate1. L. carrūca (f. carr-us car) was originally ‘a sort of state coach or chariot’; this...
Oxford English Dictionary
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Virgate
As such, the oxgang represented a parallel division of the carucate.
References
Units of area
Obsolete units of measurement
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plough-gang
† ˈplough-gang Sc. Obs. [f. plough n.1 + gang n.1 (app. a late formation on analogy of ox-gang).] A measure of arable land; by Jamieson taken as a synonym of plough-gate. (The statements of its extent differ widely, and may point to different local uses: quot. 1793 makes it 13 acres, i.e. one eighth...
Oxford English Dictionary
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Eustace de Vaux
He gave a carucate of land in Castle Carrock and Hayton to the Augustinian Lanercost Priory founded by his brother Robert.
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cartware
† ˈcartware Obs. [see ware.] A team of horses; used by Harrison 1577 also in the sense of carucate (L. jugum).1562 J. Heywood Prov. & Epigr. (1867) 142 There cumth, a carteweare, of good hors by. 1563 Golding Ovid's Met. ii. (1593) 32 Which when the cart-ware did perceive, they left the beaten way. ...
Oxford English Dictionary
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Wetwang
Earlier in the Domesday Book, there is a fuller description (Folio 302V: Yorkshire) within the listing of the land of the Archbishop of York: A carucate A "plough" was a carucate which was being ploughed, rather than grazed or fallow. A league is around .
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Ringlestone
There are two villeins, having one carucate, and it paid six shillings in the time of king Edward the Confessor, and afterwards, and now it is worth [f
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Oxgang
As land was normally ploughed by a team of eight oxen, an oxgang was thus one eighth the size of a ploughland or carucate. Although these areas were not fixed in size and varied from one village to another, an oxgang averaged , and a ploughland or carucate .
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Aratrum terrae
References
See also
Carucate
History of agriculture
Real property law
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