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Bose–Einstein condensate - Wikipedia
A Bose–Einstein condensate (BEC) is a state of matter that is typically formed when a gas of bosons at very low densities is cooled to temperatures very close ... en.wikipedia.org
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States of Matter: Bose-Einstein Condensate - Live Science
A Bose-Einstein condensate is a state of matter in which extremely cold atoms clump together and act as if they were a single atom. www.livescience.com
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ELI5: What is Bose-Einstein condensate? : r/explainlikeimfive - Reddit
Now a BEC occurs when a material is cooled to incredibly low temperatures, like a few millionths of a degree above the so called absolute zero, ... www.reddit.com
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Bose-Einstein
Bose-Einstein Physics. (ˌbəʊzˈaɪnstaɪn) [The names of S. N. Bose (see boson) and Albert Einstein (1879–1955), German-born American physicist.] Bose-Einstein condensation, in a system of bosons, the existence of a proportion of the particles in a zero-energy state when the temperature is below a cert... Oxford English Dictionary
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Bose–Einstein statistics - Wikipedia
Bose–Einstein statistics (B–E statistics) describes one of two possible ways in which a collection of non-interacting identical particles may occupy a set of ... en.wikipedia.org
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[PDF] Lecture 12: Bose-Einstein Condensation
Bose-Einstein condensation is a quantum phenomenon in Bose gases in which a large number of bosons simultaneously occupy the ground state of a system. scholar.harvard.edu
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Bose–Einstein
Bose–Einstein may refer to: Bose–Einstein condensate Bose–Einstein condensation (network theory) Bose–Einstein correlations Bose–Einstein statistics wikipedia.org
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Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) - Britannica
Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC), a state of matter in which separate atoms or subatomic particles, cooled to near absolute zero (0 K, ... www.britannica.com
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Physicists create first-ever Bose-Einstein condensate made of ... - NSF
A team of physicists has successfully created a unique quantum state of matter called a Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) out of molecules. www.nsf.gov
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Bose-Einstein Condensate: A New Form of Matter | NIST
The condensation occurs when individual atoms meld into a "superatom" behaving as a single entity at just a few hundred billionths of a degree above absolute ... www.nist.gov
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8: Bose Einstein Condensation - Physics LibreTexts
The Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) is a very specific, interesting and fundamental kind of matter, actually a gas, consisting of atomic particles. phys.libretexts.org
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Bose–Einstein condensate
In 2001 Cornell, Wieman and Ketterle shared the Nobel Prize in Physics "for the achievement of Bose-Einstein condensation in dilute gases of alkali atoms See also Atom laser Atomic coherence Bose–Einstein correlations Bose–Einstein condensation: a network theory approach Bose–Einstein condensation wikipedia.org
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Lagrange multipliers for Bose-Einstein distribution > We have $$ W = \prod_{s=1}^N \frac{(g_s-1+n_s)!}{(g_s-1)!n_s!} $$ For $ g_s,n_s>>1 $. We also have the constraints $$ \sum_{s=1}^Nn_s = n \hspace{10mm} \sum_{s=1}^...
As $g_s,n_s>>1$, we have $$W = \prod_{s=1}^N \frac{(g_s-1+n_s)!}{(g_s-1)!n_s!}\approx\prod_{s=1}^N \frac{(g_s+n_s)!}{g_s!n_s!}$$ Using Stirling's approximation will then result in $$\ln{W} = \sum_{s=1}^N\left[(g_s+n_s)\ln{(g_s+n_s)} -g_s\ln{(g_s-1) -n_s\ln{n_s}}\right]$$ Consider the Lagrangian (whe...
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Bose–Einstein condensation of polaritons
They therefore act like atoms which can approach equilibrium due to their collisions with each other, and can undergo Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC) See also Bose-Einstein condensation of quasiparticles References Further reading Universal Themes of Bose-Einstein Condensation, published by Cambridge wikipedia.org
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Bose–Einstein condensation of quasiparticles
Some have integer spins and can be expected to obey Bose–Einstein statistics like traditional particles. See also Bose–Einstein condensate Bose-Einstein condensation of polaritons Important publications References Bose–Einstein condensates Quasiparticles wikipedia.org
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