up-

up-, prefix
  representing OE. up-, upp- (see below) and corresponding to OFris. op-, up- (WFris. op-, NFris. üp-, ap-), MDu. and Du. op-, OS., MLG., and LG. up-, OHG. and MHG. ûf- (G. auf-), ON., Icel., and Norw. upp-, MSw. up-, upp- (also op-, opp-), Sw. upp-, MDa. and Da. op-.
  The prefix is identical with the adverb up¹, from which in OE. it becomes clearly separable only when prefixed to nouns and adjs. In the cognate languages there is much variation in the extent to which it is employed with different parts of speech. In OS. and OFris. it occurs with verbs and nouns, in OHG. with verbs, nouns, and a few adjs., in ON. chiefly with nouns, in MHG., MLG., MDu., MSw. and MDa. with both verbs and nouns, and occasionally adjs. In the later and modern forms of these languages the use of the prefix has increased as in English, and parallel formations are very common; these are cited only when the Eng. compound is important enough to appear as a main word.
  Of the numerous formations with up- which have been employed in English, only a limited number are of a permanent character. A large proportion consists of forms employed for nonce, especially for metrical reasons, and the same compound may recur several times without any historical continuity; such isolated occurrences, indeed, are often separated by an interval of several centuries. A number of these are given in the following sections, as illustrations of the various uses of the prefix in the different periods of the language.
  I. In comb. with ns. (except as in 7, 8).
  1. a. In OE. up- occurs freely with ns. in the sense of ‘occupying a higher position’, ‘upper’, ‘superior’, as up-eard, -ende, -engel, -flór, etc. Some of these, however, are only found in poetry. In ME. this type practically disappears, and in later use is chiefly represented by upland n.² and upside, with an occasional rare formation, as upwold.
  b. With the sense of ‘in a supported state’, up- occurs with nouns in OE. upheald, ME. uphald, uphold, ME. uptie (naut.), and the modern upkeep.
  2. a. In the sense of ‘upwards’ OE. had compounds of up- with nouns, mainly derived from intransitive verbs, as up-cyme, -færeld, -ryne, -spring, -stiᵹe, rarely from transitive, as upwearp. Of these only upspring and upsty survived in ME., but a number of new formations were added, as the obsolete uparist, -brixle, -brud, -ras, -rist, and the surviving upbraid, -come, -rise, -set. Between 1450 and 1800 new formations are rare, the chief being upcast and upstir in the 16th cent., with upskip and upstart (as designations of persons) from the same period; also upshot (with variants -shoot and -shut), in which the force of the up- is not clear. After 1800 the type reappears and subsequently becomes common. A considerable number of the examples are of sufficient importance to be entered as main words in their alphabetical places, as upbeat, -break, -burst, -flow, -growth, -heaval, -lift, etc. Others of more recent origin or less currency are upblaze, up-climb, up-cry, up-curl, up-curve, up-draw, up-drift, up-flutter, up-glance, up-gush, up-haul, up-heave, up-jet, up-jump, up-liftment, up-reach, up-shine, up-slip, up-sweep. In upset, as in the corresponding verb, the prefix is employed in an unusual sense.

1920 Blackw. Mag. July 69/2 The lonely halts of the long *upclimb.

1677 Sec. Packet of Advices to Men of Shaftesbury 55 They are better at *Up-cry, and Out-cry, and Down-cry. 1929 O. F. Dudley Masterful Monk viii. 88 There would undoubtedly be an upcry from Rome.

1928 Nation 27 June p. iii/3 Our circulation is on the *up-curve. 1950 Fraser & Thomson Honest Bread vii. 64 The upcurve in public drinking.

1912 J. London Son of Sun i. ii. 23 Grief, with a quick *updraw of his knees to the other's chest, broke the grip and forced him down.

1876 Meredith Beauch. Career xxvi, It suggested an arrow⁓head in the *up-flight.

1929 D. H. Lawrence Pansies 35 And then the geese scuttled in..and round the ring they went..then doubled, and back, with a funny *up-flutter of wings.

1860 Hawthorne Marb. Faun xvi, The shifting..*up-gush and downfall of water.

1981 Sunday Express Mag. 14 June 24 (caption) *Uphaul line with knots, used to pull sail up from water. 1984 Times 25 Aug. 11/2 Taking all the weight on my legs I eased the sail out of the water using the uphaul and paused for it to drain.

1860 Vivian Deb. Coal Clause (1861) p. xv, The ‘Great Lower Veins’, varying from 50 feet on the Northern to 100 feet on the Southern outcrop, and upwards of 70 feet on the Central *upheave.

1817 Sporting Magazine L. 128 He received some dreadful *up-hits in his throat.

1850 ‘H. Hieover’ Pract. Horsemanship 189 The moment he does this, give him an *up-pull.

1926 D. H. Lawrence David xiii. 100 So the *upreach of his love fails him.

1934 F. Scott Fitzgerald Tender is Night ii. iv. 176 The *upshine of a street-lamp.

1876 Whitby Gloss., *Upshow,..display.

  b. More rarely, up- is employed in the sense of ‘upwards’, with other nouns than those of action, e.g. OE. upweᵹ, early mod.E. upway, and the recent up-grade, -road, -shaft, -wave.

1926 N.E.D., Up-road. 1938 X. Herbert Capricornia (1939) xiii. 185 Up-road guests may come by special train..at excursion rates. 1984 Times 18 July 19/2 ‘Footsie’ started on the uproad.

  II. 3. Up- is rarely employed in combination with adjs.; upheaded (16th cent. and mod. dial.), upstraight (17th cent.), upfingered, uphearted, upnosed, and upsighted (19th cent.) are unusual types, as also are upspring and upstart (16th cent.) employed as adjs., but retaining the form of the noun or verb.
  III. With verbs, participles, verbal substantives, and agent-nouns.
  4. In OE. the placing of up immediately before a verbal form was determined by the syntactical principles which have been explained in the article on out-. The number of verbs with which up was commonly employed in this way is not large; it includes ábrecan, áhebban, árǽran, ár{iacu}san, etc., gán, hebban, rǽcan, springan, spryttan, stiᵹan, yrnan. It is difficult to determine in how many of these the adverb had become a real prefix, but apparently it had attained this function in some forms, as upáhebban and uphebban. In ME. the use of the prefix is thoroughly established, though it is not always possible to distinguish between real compounds and simple precedence of the adverb on metrical or rhetorical grounds. A number of these uncertain examples may be found under various senses of up adv.¹ Of those established compounds which require separate entry some occur as early as the 13th century, as upbraid, -break, -bring, -come, -go, -nim, -stand, etc., and many more are found from about 1300 onwards, as upbear, -call, -cast, -draw, -give, -heave, -hold, -leap, etc. Others have been constantly added during the following centuries, so that even with the disappearance of earlier instances the type has been well maintained down to the present day. A considerable proportion, however, occur only in poetry, and are simple substitutions for the verb followed by the adverb, although they are regarded as real compounds and written as one word.
  In the OE. collocations or compounds the prefix has regularly the sense of ‘upwards’. In ME. it also assumes various transferred or figurative senses of the adverb, and latterly may have any meaning which has attached to this in connexion with a verb, e.g. upbind to bind up; up-pen to pen up; upspeed, to speed up, etc. The same variety of meaning naturally occurs also in combination with participles and verbal nouns.
  In addition to those which are entered as main words, the following examples illustrate the tendency to employ the prefix in place of the adverb. The first group contains examples earlier than 1650, the second those of more recent origin (mostly after 1800); where no definition is added, the meaning is that of the simple verb in conjunction with up.
  The earlier group could be considerably enlarged by the inclusion of examples from Scottish poets of the 16th cent., esp. Douglas, who freely employs such forms as upblese (= blaze), -flow, -glide, -hese (= raise), -kindle, -rax (= stretch), -rive, -sprent, -stend, -stour, -strike, -swak, -warp, -wrele. Instances from other authors are upbrace, -keek, -lese (= gather), -sit, -skail, -spread, -sprinkle, -win (= rise).
  a. upaˈrise [OE. up-ár{iacu}san], upˈbend, intr.; upˈburst, -ˈcall, -ˈdelve, trans.; upˈdive, intr.; uˈpeat, trans.; upˈfind, trans. to invent; upˈfly, intr.; upˈfo, trans. to receive; upˈget, intr. to rise up; upˈgrave, trans. to dig up; upˈharbour, -ˈharrow, trans.; upˈhead, trans. to cover in; upˈheal, intr.; upˈhebbe [OE. up-hebban], trans. to raise up, exalt; upˈhilt, trans. to plunge up to the hilt; upˈkeep, trans. to support; upˈkever, intr. to recover; upˈknit, trans.; upˈlope, intr. to spring up; upˈpen, -ˈprop, trans.; upˈrape, intr. to rise hastily; upˈreek, intr.; upˈrender, -ˈrent (= rend), -reˈstore, -ˈrid, trans.; upˈripe, trans. to search out; upˈrun, intr.; upˈscrew, -ˈshear, -ˈsheath, -ˈshore, trans.; upˈsmite, intr.; upˈsnatch, trans.; † upˈsoup, trans. to swallow up; upˈspar, -ˈspear, trans. to close up; upˈspeed, trans.; upˈspire, intr. to shoot up; upˈstaunch, trans.; upˈstock, trans. to dig up; upˈsup, trans.; upˈthrive, intr.; upˈtruss, -ˈtuck, -vomit, trans.; upˈwaff, intr. to begin to blow; upˈwall, trans.; upˈwax, intr.; upˈweigh, trans. to lift up; upˈweir, trans. to defend; upˈwend, intr. to go up; upˈwrap, -ˈwring, trans.

1340 Ayenb. 186 Al ase þe oyle *op arist ine þe lompe alle þe oþer woses. 1649 F. Roberts Clavis Bibliorum 43 Them that against thee up-arose Thou utterly didst over⁓throw.

c 1440 Pallad. on Husb. i. 1087 First floore it ij feet thicke enclynynge softe The fourneis ward, so that the flaume *vpbende.

1596 Spenser F.Q. vi. xi. 43 But Calidore..The dores assayled, and the locks *vpbrast.

c 1340 Hampole Pr. Consc. 4963 Alle men þai sal þan *up⁓calle And byd þam cum til þe dome alle. c 1400 Northern Passion (H.) 468 When he saw þai sleped all, Peter first he gan vp call.

c 1440 Pallad. on Husb. ix. 92 Ther as they growe, *vpdelue..v foote into the grounde.

1603 J. Davies (Heref.) Microcosmos Wks. (Grosart) I. 81/2 Plunge thee ore head and eares in Helicon,..Thence make thy fame *vp⁓dive.

1630 Drummond of Hawthornden Shadow of Judgement 247 In Townes, the liuing doe the dead *vp-eate.

c 1440 Pallad. on Husb. Prohem. 85 What thynge engyne *vpfynde, or reson trie And iustifie.

a 1542 Wyatt Complaint upon Love in Tottel's Misc. (Arb) 49, I gaue him winges, wherwith he might *vpflie To honor, and fame. 1600 Fairfax Tasso xix. xviii, But he..Let go his hold, and on his feete vpflew.

a 1300 E.E. Psalter cxvii. 13, I am turned, þat i suld falle; And lauerd *vpfange [v.r. onfonge; L. suscepit] me with⁓alle.

1582 Stanyhurst æneis i. (Arb.) 27 æneas..With Phœbus rising *vpgot.

a 1340 Hampole Psalter vii. 16 Þe lake he oppynd and *vp grofe it [L. effodit]. Ibid., He vpgraues it when he waitis all þat he may [etc.].

1563 Sackville in Mirr. Mag. 131 b, Such heapes of harmes *upharbard in his brest..my honour to deface.

1582 Stanyhurst æneis iii. (Arb.) 86 You rest in fre quiet, thee seas you need not *vpharrow.

1519 Extr. Aberd. Reg. (1844) I. 96 Alexander Galloway..promittit..to big and *vpheid..ane chapell and oratour.

c 1440 Pallad. on Husb. xi. 239 Yf a tender tree Me kitte,..in oon yeer *vpheleth hit attonys.

1340 Ayenb. 217 Arere we..oure honden to god þet *ophebbeþ oure benes be guode workes.

1582 Stanyhurst æneis ii. (Arb.) 61 His blad he with thrusting in his old dwynd carcas *vphilted.

c 1412 Hoccleve De Reg. Princ. 4930 A bridil, Which þat an hors *vpkepeth fro fallyng.

c 1350 Will. Palerne 2759 For al þat sterne strok stifli he *vp-keuerede, & swam swiftili awei.

1596 Spenser F.Q. iv. vi. 30 Glauce thus gan wisely all *vpknit; Ye gentle Knights [etc.].

a 1600 Montgomerie Misc. Poems iii. 33 The cadger clims,..And ladds *vploips to lordships all thair lains.

1600 Fairfax Tasso xvi. xxxiii, What letharge hath in drowsinesse *vppend Thy courage thus?

1601 Donne Progr. Soul 386 Himselfe he *up-props, on himselfe relies.

13.. Seuyn Sages (W.) 1620 The wretche stiward ne might nowt slape; Ac in the moreweing he gan *uprape.

c 1250 Gen. & Ex. 3465 Smoke *up-rekeð and munt quakeð.

1551 Robinson tr. More's Utopia (Arb.) 43 That they..shal..yelde, and *vprender the possession therof.

c 1620 Robinson Mary Magd. 48 Blind Cupid seem'd to shoote, and tender hearts *vprent.

a 1560 T. Phaer æneid viii. (1562) Bb iiij b, And seruice left since yesterdaye He gladly *vprestores.

1581–2 Catal. Anc. Deeds (1906) V. 484 [They shall] stocke, brushe, *uppe ridde and carie away [all] breers, brembles [etc.].

? a 1400 Morte Arth. 3940 The riche kynge ransakes..And *vp-rypes the renkes of alle the Rownde Tabylle.

c 1440 Pallad. on Husb. xii. 598 And next to hem xvj [feet] *vprenneth sone.

1646 G. Daniel Poems Wks. (Grosart) I. 18 Let petty Sphæres their heightned Peggs *vp-Scrue, To rival with the greater.

1430–40 Lydg. Bochas iii. 5107 So of that lynage he hath the weed *up⁓shorn.

1614 Gorges Lucan ii. 47 Let thy vaine rage his sword *vp-sheath.

c 1557 Abp. Parker Ps. cxix. 364 Yere after yere me then *upshore with thy good helping hand.

1446 Lydg. Two Nightingale Poems ii. 39 The bawmy vapour of grassis gan *vp-smyte In-to myn hede.

a 1566 R. Edwards Damon & Pithias C iv, Snap y⊇ Tipstaffe..came and *vpsnatched him.

1382 Wyclif Ps. cxxiii. 4 Per auenture water hadde *vp sopen vs [1388 sope vs vp; L. absorbuisset].

1630 Tinker of Turvey 35 His eyes were..sparkling like the starres, When the day her light *up sparres.

1538 Bale Johan Baptystes ad fin., Adam, by hys pryde, ded paradyse *vp speare.

1338 R. Brunne Chron. (1810) 77 Saynt Cutberte's clerkes..At Geruans set þer merkes, a hous þei gan *vpspede.

1558 T. Phaer æneid U j, Whan..stickes are kindled fast, and flame with noyse doth close *vpspyre.

c 1440 Pallad. on Husb. vi. 125 Ek skyn and strynges seryng so tenfire *Vpstauncheth blood.

Ibid. 46 If ther be treen, *vpstocke hem by the roote.

1537 Surrey in Tottel's Misc. (Arb.) 14 The whiche [tears] as sone as sobbyng sighes..*Vpsupped haue, thus I my plaint renewe.

c 1440 Pallad. on Husb. ii. 446 The seueth [hour] as v, and eight as iiij *vpthrive.

c 1340 Hampole Pr. Consc. 5567 Silver and gold..Þe whilk þai had in hurde *uptrust.

a 1529 Skelton E. Rummyng 419 Her kyrtell she did *vptucke.

1582 Stanyhurst æneis ii. (Arb.) 54 Theire steed hath *vp⁓vomited from gorge a surfet of armdmen.

13.. E.E. Allit. P. B. 949 To wakan wederez so wylde þe wyndez he callez, & þay wroþely *vp-wafte & wrastled togeder.

c 1440 Pallad. on Husb. i. 435 When that is drie, *vpwalle hit euery side.

1340 Ayenb. 75 Þer *opwexeþ alle guodes, uayrhede, richesse, worþssipe, blisse. 1513 Douglas æneid vi. vii. 62 The new mone quhen first wpwaxis sche.

a 1593 Marlowe Hero & Leander i. 450 They..At his..feet the engins layd, Which th' earth from ougly Chaos den *vp-wayd.

a 1586 Maitland Theivis of Liddisdail 63 Sum grit men..That..will *vp⁓weir þair stollin geir.

c 1200 Trin. Coll. Hom. 23 Þo he steah to heuene swo þat his apostles..bihielden hwu he *upwende. a 1400 Isumbras 510 With wery bones the knyghte up-wenede In to that haythene stede.

1600 Fairfax Tasso x. lxx. 193 The wilie dame In other foldes our mischiefes would *vpwrap.

a 1560 T. Phaer æneid ix. (1562) Ffi, The gate..at last he shutts, and bolts *vpwrings.

  b. upˈbuoy, -ˈcrane, -ˈdrag, -ˈhand, -ˈharrow, -ˈheel, -ˈknit, -ˈprick, ˈrend, -ˈshoulder, -ˈsnatch, -ˈspeed, -ˈspew, -ˈspin, -ˈstamp, -ˈstir, -ˈsway, -ˈthrust, -ˈwhirl, trans.; upˈblacken, -ˈblaze, -ˈblow, -ˈbubble, -ˈcreep, -ˈcurve, -ˈflame, -ˈflee, -ˈflower, -ˈjet, -ˈkindle, -ˈknit, -ˈmove, -ˈpop, -ˈrein, -ˈrouse, -ˈrun, -ˈspire, -ˈsteam, -ˈstep, -ˈtend, intr.

1818 Milman Samor viii. 43 The rocks..*Upblacken to the sky.

1839 Hood Nocturnal Sketch ii, The gas *up⁓blazes with its bright white light.

1798 Coleridge Anc. Mar. v. xi, The ship mov'd on; Yet never a breeze *up⁓blew.

1865 E. Caswall May Pageant ii. 25 Close to where St. Oswy's ancient well *Up-bubbles from its arch'd and mossy cell. 1954 L. MacNeice Autumn Sequel xxvi. 160 Wells of words Upbubble.

1652 Benlowes Theoph. i. lxviii, Pow'rs cannot poets, as they pow'rs *up-buoy. a 1850 Rossetti Dante & Circle ii. (1874) 296 Nor once from her did show of love up⁓buoy This passion.

1816 Monthly Mag. XLI. 527 To heave aboard the stores, *Upcrane the cannon, roll the water casks.

1874 R. Buchanan Poet. Wks. III. 234 On thy shore he sinks in death, And thy still tides *upcreep.

1885 B. Harte Maruja iii, Then something like a light ring of smoke *up-curved from the saddle before him.

1847 Tennyson Princ. iv. 347 She..stoop'd to *updrag Melissa.

1826 Carrington Dartmoor 87 To Jupiter *upflamed The human hecatomb.

1810 Southey Kehama xviii. vi, He started,..and to his head His hands *up-fled.

1894 Mrs. A. Webster Mother & Daughter (1895) 31 My youth *upflowers with hers.

1865 Kingsley Herew. iv, To high heaven, all so softly, The angels *uphand him.

1795 Macneill Scotland's Skaith iv. v, A' thy gentle mind *upharrows—Hate, revenge, and rage uprears.

1877 The Sea 1 Dec., The ship was beginning to sink; a sudden breeze springing *upheeled her still more.

1860 Tennyson Sea Dreams 52 With ground-swell, which..*upjetted in spirts of wild sea-smoke.

1857 Heavysege Saul (1869) 189 Why in your eye *upkindles no fierce joy At coming-on of battle?

1889 Rider Haggard Cleopatra ii. iii, Does the half-death of sleep..thus *upknit the cut thread of human kinship?

1805 Poet. Register 178, I reach a cot; the friendly latch *upmoves.

1855 Singleton Virgil I. 359 So many tongues, Mouths just so many babble, she *uppricks So many ears.

1812 W. Tennant Anster F. i. xxvi, The churlish spirit..*up-popp'd from sea, a tangle-tassel'd shape.

1883 R. W. Dixon Mano i. xvii. 57 By his cottage this bold knight *upreined.

1830 Tennyson Poems 126 Music, borne abroad By the loud winds, though they *uprend the sea.

1812 J. Baillie Orra iii. i, *Uprouse ye, then, my merry men!

1791 Cowper Iliad xviii. 543 A son..[who] like a luxuriant plant *Upran to manhood.

1844 Kinglake Eothen (1845) 104 A high struggling ridge that *upshouldered itself from out of the wilderness of myrtles.

1844 Mrs. Browning Lost Bower xliv, Mystic Presences of power Had *up-snatch'd me to the Timeless.

1872 J. Payne Songs of Life & Death 9 In his stead there was *upsped A grisly Death from Hell.

1714 [Croxall] Original Canto Spenser xxi, 'Till from their inly Maw their Loads they did *upspew.

1925 E. Blunden English Poems 27 The darkening room by use well knows Each thread of life that these upspin.

1854 J. D. Burns Vision of Prophecy 165 The temple, like a glorious dream, *upspires Into the lucid air.

1791 Cowper Iliad v. 598 A dusty cloud..which steeds..*Up-stamp'd into the brazen vault of heaven.

1812 Cary Dante, Parad. viii. 75 The vapoury cloud..Bituminous *upsteamed.

a 1828 Hynd Horn xx. in Child Ballads I. 207/1 Straight to them ye will *upstep.

1833 Mrs. Browning Stanzas Passage Emerson's Jrnl. vi, As when the war-trump of the wind *Upstirs our dark blue sea.

1811 Scott Don Roderick ii. xvi, That right-hand giant 'gan his club *upsway.

a 1711 Ken Christophil Poet. Wks. 1721 I. 420 She, as to Heav'n each Syllable *uptends, From Syllable to Syllable descends.

a 1893 C. Rossetti Poems (1904) 215/1 As seeds their proper bodies all *upthrust.

1845 J. C. Mangan German Anthol. I. 40 The maelstrom..*upwhirled and up⁓bore me to daylight at length.

  5. The use of up with past pples., originally syntactical, gave rise to compounds of which several had already so far established themselves in OE. that derivatives in -nes and -l{iacu}ce were formed from them. Examples are up(á)hafen, upáhefed, up(á)sprungen, upástiᵹen, upcumen. In ME. a number of new formations appear; among the earlier of these are upborne, -drawn, -folden, -hung, -laid, -lifted, -reft, -risen, -set. In the 16th and 17th cent. there are also frequent examples, and the type is still usual, but at all periods these forms have been mainly employed in verse. When used attributively the stress is normally on the prefix, but metrical instances frequently retain it on the stem.
  The following are illustrations of casual examples of earlier and later date; a few others are used by Scottish writers of the 16th cent., esp. Douglas. (a) † upaheven [OE. up-áhafen], lifted up, uplifted; † upbounden, tied up; upbred, -framed; † upgraven, dug up; † uphoist, lifted up; upled; † uplent, arrived on high; upploughed, -puffed, -pulled, -reft, -rent, -ripped, † upsete(d, oppressed; † upshet, shut up, enclosed; upshut, -soaked, † -soaken, -stalled; † upstreyht, upstretched; upsucked, -trailed, † -whelmed, -wrapped, -wrought.

a 1225 Juliana 58 To þonken godd wið honden *upaheuene. a 1225 Leg. Kath. 2373 Heo biheold upward, wið upaheuen heorte.

c 1440 Pallad. on Husb. iii. 514 Now stakid & *vpbounden wol they be. 1590 Spenser F.Q. iii. ix. 20 Her golden locks, that were in tramels gay Vpbounden.

1577 Holinshed Chron. I. Hist. Scotland 126 As those that were no Brytaynes borne, but straungers vnto them, being both borne and *vpbred in a forraine countrey.

a 1560 T. Phaer æneid viii. (1562) Bb iij b, A towne there is with aunciaunt stones *vpfraamed. Ibid. ix. Ee ij b, A towre..then stood, with skaffolds large of length In place vpframyd fit.

a 1340 Hampole Psalter lxxix. 17 Kyndild at þe fire and *vpgrafen [L. suffossa].

c 1557 Abp. Parker Ps. ii. G iij b, Lyke dust or chaffe they bee *Uphoyst by winde. 1568 T. Howell Arb. Amitie (1879) 68 So I vphoyst by wyffling windes..Doe bide the brunt of bitter blastes.

1667 Milton P.L. vii. 12 *Up led by thee Into the Heav'n of Heav'ns.

c 1450 Songs, Carols, etc. (E.E.T.S.) 71/83 For þat mayst þou joy, man, þat þi cownt is *vplent, Wher God..his body doth present.

1610 G. Fletcher Christ's Vict. i. lxxi, The *up⁓plowed heart, all..wounded by it selfe.

1573 Tusser Husb. (1878) 147 His looke like a coxcombe, *vp puffed with pride. 1658 A. Fox Würtz' Surg. iv. ii. 316 Such wounds, where there appeareth an up-puffed swelling.

c 1440 Pallad. on Husb. x. 166 With roote a plaunte *vppuld & sett, wol springe.

a 1300 Cursor M. 20950 *Vp-reft he [sc. Paul] was to thrid heuen.

1584 Hudson Du Bartas' Judith iii. (1611) 33 Their Crosbowes were *vprent with yron Racks.

1653 Holcroft Procopius, Goth. Wars iv. 130 These Barbarians..made a new fashioned Ram, using no timbers *upript, nor lying a crosse.

1390 Gower Conf. III. 283 For of the false Moabites..The poeple of god was ofte *upsete. 1549 W. Lynne Briefe Collection (title-p.), Y⊇ most blessed..of them that be vpseted wyth sycknes and other visitations of God.

c 1440 Pallad. on Husb. i. 993 [With] water myxt the grount,..*Vpshette aboute, and trampled with catel. c 1485 in E.E. Misc. (Warton Club) 52 Where are thy bestes, good sone?..They be now up-schete.

1658 A. Fox Würtz' Surg. i. viii. 35 That *up-shut moisture will stir at the changing of weathers.

1582 Stanyhurst æneis ii. (Arb.) 55 Lyke rauening woolfdams *vpsoackt and gaunted in hunger.

Ibid. iii. 77 Theire face wan withred in hunger, With famin *vp⁓soaken.

1430–40 Lydg. Bochas viii. 208 Domycian..Proudli comaundid, in his estat *up stallid, Of all the world he sholde a god be callid. 1569 E. Hake Newes Powles Churchyarde (1579) F 5 These ranckly feede the pamperd Swyne vpstalled in their nest.

c 1425 Orolog. Sapient. iii. in Anglia X. 348/1 To go pruwdelye with an *vp-streyht nekke.

1560 B. Googe tr. Palingenius' Zodiac ii. (1561) D viij, *Vpsuckt the floudes from out the seas, the whyrlwyndes vp doe beare.

c 1440 Pallad. on Husb. i. 290 But vines may ha vices worthy blame: To longe or brode, *vptrailed or extendid.

1568 T. Howell Arb. Amitie (1879) 38, I rage and rewe.., *Vp⁓whelmde in woes full sore.

1642 H. More Song of Soul ii. i. i. 2 A Meteor,..Whose inward hidden parts ethereall Ly close *upwrapt in that dull sluggish fime.

c 1400 Destr. Troy 1542 The walles *vp wroght, wonder to se.

  (b) upbrightened, -broken, -brushed, -choked, -conjured, -covered, -cushioned, -flung, -followed, -girt, -hoisted, -led, -lighted, -looped, -mixed, -perched, -pointed, -poised, -propped, -ridged, -shouldered, -shoved, -spouted, -starched, -steamed, -stiffed, -swollen, -swung, -trilled, -wrenched, -wrought, -yoked.

1861 Macm. Mag. IV. 132/1 Russet and green *upbrightened with white.

1833 J. C. Mangan Poems (1903) 124 When the *up⁓broken dreams of boyhood's span..Come down like night upon the feelings.

1894 W. J. Locke At Gate of Samaria (1895) viii. 87 A shapely neck, on which clustered coquettishly a few tiny madcap curls below the smooth, *upbrushed, fair hair. 1968 Guardian 24 July 7/1 He was responsible for the ‘up⁓brushed’ coiffures.

1785 Burns Winter Night ii, While burns, wi' snawy wreeths *up-choked, Wild-eddying swirl.

1833 Wordsw. At Sea off Isle of Man 5 Suddenly *up-conjured from the Main, Mists rose to hide the Land.

1857 Heavysege Saul (1869) 419 An old man,..*upcovered with a mantle.

1828 Carlyle Misc. (1857) I. 142 The throne's *upcushioned lordliness.

1828 Atherstone Fall of Nineveh I. 11 Arms *upflung, and swaying heads. 1903 R. Kipling Five Nations, The Destroyers, Nearer the up-flung beams that spell The council of our foes.

1818 Keats Endym. i. 163 After them appear'd, *Up-follow'd by a multitude,..a fair wrought car.

1890 Atlantic Monthly July 35 The braider stands With loin *upgirt.

1768 Chatterton Bristowe Tragedie 193 Whatte tho', *uphoisted onne a pole, Mye lymbes shalle rotte ynne ayre. 1872 Blackmore Maid of Sker (1881) 159 Horses..with their tails uphoisted.

1845 Wordsw. ‘Forth from a jutting ridge’ 7 *Up-led with mutual help.

1794 ― Guilt & Sorrow xlvi, The bag-pipe dinning..In barn *uplighted.

1887 Bowen æneid i. 320 Bare at the knee, and her fluttering folds *uplooped for the chase.

1821 Atherstone Poems 26 In the turbid rain-streams, thick *upmix'd With ashes hot.

1818 Keats Endym. i. 828 The nightingale, *up-perched high.

1830 Atherstone Fall of Nineveh II. 102 The threatening spear *Up-pointed, harmless as a wand became.

1864 Bryant Constellations 45 Thine eyes..would see..the Swan *uppoised On gleaming wings.

1784 Cowper Task ii. 116 Never such a sudden flood, *Upridg'd so high.., Possess'd an inland scene.

1879 G. Macdonald Sir Gibbie ix, The..river, flowing..through *upshouldered fields of wheat.

1837 Carlyle Fr. Rev. iii. v. vi, The Citoyens, with *upshoved bonnet rouge, or with doffed bonnet.

1789 Cowper Queen's Visit to London 19 The ocean..*Up-spouted by a whale in air.

1922 *Upstarched [see Sambo].

1805–6 Cary Dante, Inf. xxx. 99 Sharp fever drains the reeky moistness out, In such a cloud *up⁓steam'd.

1922 Joyce Ulysses 39 In a Greek watercloset he breathed his last:..stalled upon his throne, with *upstiffed omophorion, with clotted hinderparts.

1774 Graves Spir. Quix. (ed. 2) II. 198 The Rector, in sleek surcingle.., With eyes *up-swoln, and shining double-chin. 1882 G. Macdonald Weighed & Wanting III. xviii. 254 She saw on Amy's neck a frightful upswollen wale.

1868 Geo. Eliot Sp. Gipsy 323 He saw above The form of Father Isidor *upswung.

1799 Coleridge Lines in Concert-room ii, The long-breathed singer's *uptrill'd strain.

1808 Mrs. E. H. Iliff Poems (1818) 98 A rocky fragment, from the ground *upwrenched.

1784 Cowper Task ii. 111 Ocean.., *upwrought To an enormous and o'erbearing height,..invades the shore Resistless.

1837 Whittock Bk. Trades (1842) 407 (Smith), Afterwards appeared the beer-man with his cans ‘*up-yoked’.

  6. a. The use of up before present participles, and forming possible combinations with these, is somewhat rare in OE.; the chief examples which occur are up(á)st{iacu}ᵹende, upstandende, and upyrnende. ME. furnishes a few instances, as uparising, -hanging, -looking, -springing, -tempering; but this type of formation becomes common only after 1500. In the following illustrations of casual forms the earlier examples are separated from those occurring after 1700. (a) uparising, -belching, -blowing, -botching, -creeping, -floating, -hasping (= closing), -hoising, -leaning, -peaking (peak v.²), -plucking, -riving, -seizing, † -souping (= swallowing), † -sparpling (= scattering), -steaming, -tempering.

c 1325 Prose Psalter xvii. 43 Þou put out þe *vparisand [L. insurgentes] oȝaines me.

1576 Newton Lemnie's Complex. 142 Their Chawes rammishe, And throate *vpbelching fulsome breathes.

1590 Spenser F.Q. iii. iv. 13 Till that at last The watry Southwinde from the seabord cost *Vp⁓blowing, doth disperse the vapour lo'st.

1582 Stanyhurst æneis, etc. 95 Theese thre were *vpbotching, not shapte,..A clapping fyerbolt.

1626 Parallel Pelag. Error A 4 b, An euill *vpcreeping since his death.

1582 Stanyhurst æneis i. (Arb.) 21 Soom wights *vpfloating on raisd sea wyth armor apeered.

Ibid. iv. 103 Hee causeth sleeping and bars: bye death eyelyd *vphasping.

Ibid. 21 Thee northern bluster..Thee sayls tears tag rag, to the sky thee waues *vphoysing.

1588 Spenser Virg. Gnat 154 Whilst thus his carelesse time This shepheard driues, *vpleaning on his batt. 1590 ― F.Q. iii. ii. 42 With that vpleaning on her elbow weake [etc.].

1582 Stanyhurst æneis iii. (Arb.) 76 Thee fourth day..thee shoare, neere setled, apeered And hils *vppeaking.

Ibid. ii. 52 Hee..sighs *vpplucking from brest ful deepelye, thus aunswerd.

1621 G. Sandys Ovid's Met. ix. (1626) 179 Oft should you see him..solid trees *vp-riuing.

c 1550 Bale K. Johan 1737, I wyll kepe this crowne in myn owne hande, In the Popes behalfe *upseasyng Ynglond.

1582 Stanyhurst æneis iii. (Arb.) 84 Charybdis On left hand swelleth..In to gut *vpsouping three tymes thee flash water angrye.

a 1560 Phaër æneid ix. (1562) Ee iiij, A yong stere whyte as snow,..which with his fete *vpsparpling spredes the dust.

a 1560 Ibid. viii. Bb ij b, An Yle there is..where smoke from stones to starrs *vpsteaming sties.

c 1440 Pallad. on Husb. vii. 243 This flouris smale..*vptempuryng, forsake Noman for hem to make.., As of rosate is taught.

  (b) upblazing, -bounding, -bracing, -breaking, -brimming, -bristling, -bubbling, -burning, -charioting, -coiling, -crawling, -flaming, -gaping, -gliding, -heaping, -knelling, -ridging, -rousing, -scaling, -slanting, -snatching, -spearing, -splashing, -stretching, -swarming, -sweeping, -thundering, -tracing, -wreathing.

1801 Southey Thalaba vi. viii, Now its wavy point *Up⁓blazing rose, like a young cypress tree.

1840 J. C. Mangan Poems (1903) 136 The startled soul, *upbounding from the mire Of earthliness.

c 1833 Whittier Randolph of Roanoke 102 His gaunt frame *upbracing.

1859 Tennyson Guinevere 388 Sheets of hyacinth That seem'd the heavens *upbreaking thro' the earth.

a 1861 Clough Ess. Class. Metres, Alcaics 5 The fury of winds, that all night *Upbrimming, sapping slowly the dyke,..Fall through the breach. 1898 T. Hardy Wessex Poems 163 When her dreams were upbrimming with light.

1852 W. Wickenden Hunchback's Chest 16 Like a wild boar *upbristling for the fight.

1874 R. Buchanan Poet. Wks. III. 58 The spring *Upbubbling faintly seemeth as a sound.

a 1865 Tennyson Mystic 45 The last [circle],..with a region of white flame..into a larger air *Upburning.

1812 W. Tennant Anster F. ii. ii, The sun, *upcharioting from Capricorn.

1803 Wordsw. Yew-trees 18 A growth of inter⁓twisted fibres serpentine *Up-coiling.

1896 Kipling Seven Seas, Derelict, The..weed Folds me and fouls me, strake on strake *upcrawling.

1805 Southey Madoc in W. i. 34 Many a fire *Up-flaming, stream'd..Red lines of lengthening light.

1832 L. Hunt Dryads 19 Yellow bills, *up-gaping for their food.

1805–6 Cary Dante, Inf. xxv. 7 Another [serpent] to his arms *Upgliding, tied them.

1888 R. Buchanan City of Dream viii. 158 And in its inmost shrine the priests of Baal Are not *upheaping gold.

1845 J. C. Mangan German Anthology II. 108 Then hear I music sweet *upknelling From many a..phantom-band.

1791 Cowper Odyssey xix. 555 *Upridging high His bristly back.., he sprang Forth from the shrubs.

1830 Atherstone Fall of Nineveh II. 16 With firm tread The thronging echos..*Uprousing as he passed.

1882 Armstrong Garland fr. Greece 226 *Upscaling steep and rough to cross the Pass.

1876 C. Wells Joseph & Brethren i. v. 73 The thorns that ye have cast *Upslanting in my path.

1828 Atherstone Fall of Nineveh I. 241 The fallen reins *Upsnatching then,..o'er the field The Assyrian looked.

1784 Cowper Task v. 23 The bents And coarser grass, *up⁓spearing o'er the rest,..now shine Conspicuous.

1871 R. Ellis Catullus lxiv. 128 She..Now to the brine ran forth, *upsplashing freshly to meet her.

1815 Hogg Poet. Mirror Wks. 1866 II. 111 Two long ears *upstretching perpendicularly.

1791 Cowper Iliad xii. 541 They..*upswarming show'd On the high battlement their glittering spears.

c 1873 J. Addis Eliz. Echoes (1879) 94 Th' uncertain hum Of hosts *upsweeping from the subterrene.

1796 Coleridge Ode Departing Year viii, Central fires through nether seas *up⁓thundering. 1846 C. G. Prowett Prometh. Bound 21 Hollow tones, From Hades' sullen realm upthundering.

1727 Thomson Summer 1100 *Up-tracing, from the vast Inane, The Chain of Causes and Effects to Him.

1849 Longfellow Building of Ship 187 Around it columns of smoke, *up-wreathing, Rose.

  b. In the earlier periods of the language these forms in -ing were not employed attributively. Examples of this use begin to appear in the 16th century, but are not common before the 19th. As adjectives, such compounds would normally have the main stress on the prefix, and a secondary stress on the stem (e.g. ˈupˌbearing, ˈupˌcreeping), but in verse the full stressing of the stem is frequently retained. The following illustrations of rarer forms are divided into earlier and later instances.
  (a) upcreeping, -flinging, -running, -sprouting, -sticking.

1611 Cotgr. s.v. Eschalas, A Vine or any other weake-branched, *vp-creeping..Plant.

1566 Drant Horace, Sat. ii. F 2 When with grosse *upflyngyng fumes, your syght is masde and dull.

1527 Andrew Brunswyke's Distyll. Waters H ij, The same is good for the *upronnyng pymples of the face.

1563 Winȝet Wks. (S.T.S.) II. 18 The snairis of the *wpsprouting hæretikis.

1611 Cotgr., Bricot,..an *vp⁓sticking stub of a late cut shrub or tree.

  (b) upbearing, -bounding, -breaking, -bursting, -cocking, -cropping, -crowding, -flashing, -flowing, -gushing, -pouring, -quivering, -reaching, -sprouting, -stealing, -stretching, -striving, -struggling, -tearing, -tilting.

1830 Tennyson Isabel iii, A leaning and *upbearing parasite, Clothing the stem.

1845 J. C. Mangan German Anthology I. 60 Then *upbounding Life..Unto all that died the Sun shall bring.

1822 J. Wilson Lights & Shadows 124 A sort of glimmer, like that of an *upbreaking and disparting storm, gathered about him.

1818 Keats Endym. ii. 56 Now he is sitting by a shady spring, And elbow-deep..Stems the *upbursting cold. 1879 Stevenson Trav. Cevennes 159 The roof fell in and the upbursting flames discovered his retreat.

1804 Collins Scripscrap. 58 A Brainless young Crimp, with an *upcocking snout.

1898 B. Gregory Side Lights Confl. Meth. 249 An occasional *up-cropping consciousness.

c 1870 M. Arnold Obermann once more ad fin., The domed Velan, with his snows, Behind the *upcrowding hills.

1813 Shelley Q. Mab vii. 231 Showers of gore from the *upflashing steel Of safe assassination.

1801 Southey Thalaba ii. xxvi, No eye beheld the spring Of that *upflowing Flame.

1845 J. C. Mangan German Anthology II. 18 Drink at Life's *upgushing wells! 1858 Hawthorne Fr. & It. Note-bks. I. 145 An artificial lake with upgushing fountains.

1842 R. Ford in Shorter Borrow & Circle (1913) 253 Just dash down the first genuine *uppouring idea and thoughts in the plainest language.

1851 Hawthorne Ho. Sev. Gables x, One of those *up-quivering flashes of the spirit.

1894 Outing (U.S.) XXIV. 151 Where the black *up-reaching ledge Holds high its moss-hung turrets.

1898 Clodd Tom Tit Tot iv. 41 Persephone, whom Demeter seeks.., to find her with the *upsprouting corn.

1859 Roses & Thorns 254 The *up-stealing shadows of evening.

1827 Carlyle Misc. Ess., Richter, This *upstretching aurora of a morning.

1855 Lynch Lett. Scattered ii. (1872) 26 One *upstriving flame of prayer.

1835 Carlyle in Froude Life in London (1884) I. 46 One glorious *up-struggling ray..which perished,..in a lax, languid, impotent character.

1817 J. Scott Paris Revisit. (ed. 4) 219 Broad rugged tracks, which seemed as if they had been swept by some fiery *up-tearing stream.

1841 H. Miller O.R. Sandst. vi. 107 The strata..have been un⁓packed and arranged by the *uptilting agent.

  7. In OE. the combination of up- with a verbal substantive is limited to uphebbing, perhaps directly formed from uphebban. In ME. a number of instances occur, the earliest being upastying (= ascending), -casting, -coming, -covering (= recovery), -nimming, -rising, -stying, and -taking. In the 16th c. the type becomes common, and again in the 19th. Earlier and more recent formations of a casual nature are illustrated in the following groups. (a) † uparising, † -astying, -bolstering, † -crying, -passing, † -receiving, -sealing, -twinkling, -tying, † -weening.

1340 Ayenb. 213 At yestre [= Easter], his *oparizinge, hou he aros uram dyaþe to liue.

a 1200 St. Marher. 1 Efter ure lauerdes..ariste of deað, ant efter his *up astihunge.

1610 J. Robinson Justif. Separation 258 The Churches vngodly connivency, and *vpboulstring them in their scandalous sinns, makes them nothing the better.

1651 Burgh Rec. Stirling (1889) II. 306 To John Wordie for reading the ordoures annent *upcrying the money.

1533 Gau Richt Vay (S.T.S.) 49 Ye maner of his [sc. Christ's] *vppassing. 1572 Reg. Privy Council Scot. II. 145 In thair uppassing and douncuming.

13.. Castel of Love (H.) 1665 The cursede shull in erthe byn.., wyth the *up-receyveng they shulle agryse.

1563 J. Man Musculus' Commonpl. 281 b, That grace..the token, sacrament and *upsealinge [L. obsignatio] whereof is in Baptisme. 1597 Pilgr. Parnass. iv. 425 To see A puritane *up-twinckling of his eye.

1614 P. Forbes Comm. Revelation 217 Then his *vptying is to bee counted, when..hee is perfectly made fast.

1340 Ayenb. 21 Þe þridde boȝ of prede is arrogance þet me clepeþ *opweninge oþer opniminge.

  (b) upbubbling, -flickering, -gushing, -lighting, -piling, -pouring, -ripping, -squatting, -streaming, -summing, -surging, -swelling, -winding, -working.

1888 Daily News 26 May 5/8 To watch the *upbubbling of the flashing..waters.

1881 Cornh. Mag. XLIV. 481 The last *up-flickering of his dying intelligence.

1846 Hawthorne Mosses ii. iii. 50 The *upgushings and outpourings of these initiated souls.

1860 J. H. Stirling Crit. Ess., Macaulay (1868) 122 The *up-lighting of the ‘age of reason’.

1844 Blackie in Class. Mus. I. 339 A more cumbrous *up⁓piling of erudite blunders.

1918 W. Stevens in Others Dec. 9 A deep *up-pouring from some saltier well Within me, bursts its watery syllable.

1859 Sala Tw. round Clock (1861) 121 The *upripping of his unhappy coat-collar.

1840 Barham Ingol. Leg. Ser. i. Ghost, The Gorgon's head Was but a type of Nick's *up-squatting in the bed.

1880 Geikie Phys. Geog. (1885) 46 A constant *upstreaming of warm moist air.

1884 J. Parker Apost. Life III. 23 The all but infinite prudence which forecasts totalities and *upsummings.

1883 Century Mag. XXVI. 130 The *upsurging..of nobler and better feelings.

1899 Edin. Rev. Apr. 317 *Upwellings of molten basalt.

1837 Lockhart Scott IV. i. 22 A better *upwinding of the plot of the Black Dwarf.

a 1834 Coleridge Notes & Lect. (1849) I. 230 A wild *up-working of love..is perceptible throughout.

  8. The use of up- with agent-nouns first appears in ME. in the 14th century, the earliest examples being upstyer and uptaker, with upbearer, -holder, and -raiser following a little later. Similar forms occur in the 16th cent. (but chiefly Sc.), as upbigger (= builder), -closer, -creeper, -lifter, -looker, -putter, -setter, and a few in the 17th, as upbringer, -giver (Sc.), -riser. Later formations are mainly from the 19th cent., as upbuilder, -climber, -shutter, -stander.

Oxford English Dictionary