▪ I. garnet1
(ˈgɑːnɪt)
Forms: 4 gernet, (4–5 pl. grenaz), 5 garnette(s), 7 garnat, 6– garnet.
[a. OF. *gernat, grenat (whence also MDu. garnate, gernate), ad. med.L. grānātum, according to some a transferred use of L. grānātum pomegranate (cf. next), the stone having probably been so called from its resemblance in colour to the pulp of the fruit; others consider it a derivative of med.L. grānum, grāna grain, cochineal, red dye. See also granate2.]
1. A vitreous mineral, most commonly found as a distinct crystal, and in the form of a rhomboidal dodecahedron, but also occurring in other shapes. The precious garnet is of a deep transparent red colour, and is used as a gem.
| a 1310 in Wright Lyric P. v. 25 Ase beryl so bryht, Ase gernet in golde, ant ruby wel ryht. c 1400 Mandeville (1839) xx. 219 The rede ben of Rubies, and of Grenaz and of Alabraundynes. c 1460 Emare 156 Deamondes and koralle, Perydotes and crystall, And gode garnettes bytwene. 1555 Eden Decades 234 But [these] haue sumwhat the colour of a granate which we commonly caule a garnet. 1688 R. Holme Armoury ii. 39/2 The Garnet, the Cornelian, are both red, some call them the Sardy stone. 1773 Goldsm. Stoops to Conq. iii. i, You shall make use of my garnets, till your jewels be found. 1813 Bakewell Introd. Geol. (1815) 81 Crystals called garnets are frequently interspersed in gneiss. 1876 Page Adv. Text-bk. Geol. iii. 53 Garnets were left projecting from pedicles of felspar. |
2. attrib., as garnet-colour, garnet-doublet; garnet-breasted, garnet-coloured, garnet-like, garnet-red adjs.; also garnet-berry (see quot.); garnet-blende, a sulphide of zinc; † garnet-limpet (see quot.); garnet-rock, a rock consisting mainly of garnet; garnet-work, ornamentation composed of masses of garnets.
| 1863 Prior Plant-n. 89 *Garnet-berry, the red currant, Ribes rubrum. |
| 1837 Dana Syst. Min. 429 Dodecahedral *Garnet Blende..Sulphuret of Zinc. |
| 1893 H. B. Baildon Rescue, etc. 81 Golden-eyed and *garnet-breasted. |
| 1783 Herschel in Phil. Trans. LXXIII. 257 It is of a very fine deep *garnet colour. |
| 1882 M. E. Braddon Mt. Royal II. iii. 25 Those deep *garnet-coloured patches which show where the red sea-weed lurks below. 1895 Daily News 20 Mar. 7/1 Sleeves and underskirt of garnet-coloured velvet. |
| 1649 Lovelace Lucasta Ded., So among the Orient Prize (Saphyr-Onyx Eulogies) Offer'd up unto your Fame: Take my *Garnet-Dublet Name. |
| 1776 Da Costa Elem. Conchol. i. 21 The *garnet-limpet has..many different appearances; nevertheless its elegant *garnet-like semi-transparent eye or top always characterizes it. |
| 1838 T. Thomson Chem. Org. Bodies 415 When mixed with sulphated peroxide of iron, it becomes *garnet-red. |
| 1796 Kirwan Elem. Min. (ed. 2) I. 368 *Garnet rock..consists of amorphous garnet, in which trap quartz, calcareous spar, and a very small quantity of blackish brown mica are found. |
| 1883 A. H. Church Precious Stones iv. 37 Can the same praise be honestly given to modern *garnet-work? |
▪ II. † ˈgarnet2 Obs.
Also 4–5 gernet(t.
[a. OF. (pome) garnette, gernate pomegranate; cf. garnade.]
The pomegranate; also garnet-apple.
| a 1400 Pistill of Susan 95 Grapus and garnettes gayliche þei grewe. a 1400–50 Alexander 4724 Þai ware fedd all of frute..Of grapis & of gernets. Ibid. 5238 Lange lindis..Growand full of gernetts & gracious frutes. c 1410 Lydg. Life Our Lady xlvii. (Caxton) G iv, The garnet appyl of colour golden hewed. [1673 Wedderburn Voc. 17 (Jam.) Mala granata, apple-garnets.] |
▪ III. † ˈgarnet3
Also 5 garnette(s).
[Of obscure origin; it has been conjectured to be a corrupted dim. of ONF. carne (:—L. cardinem) hinge.]
Obs. exc. in cross-garnet. A hinge of this form ⊦, the upright part being nailed to the support, and the horizontal to the door, shutter, etc.
| 1459 Churchw. Acc., St. Mich. Cornhill, For amendyng of the garnettes of ij pewes. 1483 Act 1 Rich. III, c. 12 §1 No merchaunt Straungier..brynge into this Realme..keys hynges and garnettes. 1657 Howell Londinop. 393 To hang by Jewmews or Garnets, so that they may be taken up and let down. |
b. attrib., as in garnet-hinge.
| 1882 in Ogilvie; and in later Dicts. |
▪ IV. garnet4 Naut.
(ˈgɑːnɪt)
Also 5 garnett(e.
[Of obscure origin; cf. Du. garnaat, karnaat, of similar meaning.]
1. (See quot. 1706.)
| 1485 Naval Acc. Hen. VII (1896) 68 Hoke ropes..ij. Garnetts..ij. yerd ropes for the top..ij. 1496 Ibid. 152 A payer of Garnettes with nayles weyng xijlb—xv{supd}. 1627 Capt. Smith Seaman's Gram. v. 25 Any tackell, Pendant, Garnet. 1692 Ibid. i. xiv. 64 The main Tye and fall of the Garnet. 1706 Phillips (ed. Kersey), Garnet (Sea-term), a Tackle with a Pendant-rope coming from the Head of the Main-mast, and a Block or Pulley strongly fasten'd to the Mainstay, to hoist all the Casks into a Ship, and such Goods as are not over-weighty. 1867 in Smyth Sailor's Word-bk. |
2. Comb., as garnet-block, garnet-fall.
| 1711 W. Sutherland Shipbuild. Assist. 113 The Garnet-fall, a Tackle much used to hoist in all the Stores and Provisions. 1867 Smyth Sailor's Word-bk., Clue-garnets, a sort of tackle wove through a garnet-block. |