cardio-
(ˈkɑːdɪəʊ-; with dissyllabic endings ˌkɑːdɪˈɒ-)
combining form of Gr. καρδία heart, as in ˈcardioblast, in insect embryology, one of a row of mesodermal cells from which the heart develops; ˌcardio-diaphragˈmatic a., pertaining to the heart and the diaphragm; ˈcardiogram, the tracing made by a cardiograph or electrocardiograph; ˈcardiograph (-grɑːf, -æ-), [Gr. -γράϕος writing, writer], an instrument which registers the motions of the heart by tracing a curve on paper, etc.; cardiˈographer, one who uses a cardiograph or electrocardiograph; esp. a technician who has received training in (electro)cardiography; ˌcardioˈgraphic a., of or pertaining to a cardiograph; hence cardiographically adv.; cardiography (-ˈɒgrəfɪ), [Gr. -γραϕία writing], (a) in anatomy, ‘a description of the heart’ (Craig); (b) ‘the application and use of the cardiograph’ (Syd. Soc. Lex.); ˌcardio-inˈhibitory a., checking or arresting the heart's action; ˌcardioˈlipin, a substance extracted from beef hearts, capable of acting as an artificial antigen in serum tests for syphilis; ˌcardioˈlogical a., of or pertaining to cardiology; cardiˈologist, one who specializes in the study or treatment of the heart and its diseases; cardiology (-ˈɒlədʒɪ), [Gr. -λογία discourse], knowledge of, or a treatise on, the heart; cardiˈolysis, resection of portions of the cardiac area in order to free the heart from surrounding structures to which it has become adherent; cardiometer (-ˈɒmɪtə(r)), [Gr. -µέτρον measure], an instrument for measuring the force of the heart's action; also fig.; hence cardiometrical (-əʊˈmɛtrɪkəl), a.; cardiometry (-ˈɒmɪtrɪ), [Gr. -µετρία measurement], ‘the measurement of the size of the heart by percussion and auscultation’ (Syd. Soc. Lex.); ˌcardioˈmotor a., pertaining to the action of the heart; cardiopathy (-ˈɒpəθɪ), [Gr. -παθία suffering], disease of the heart; ˌcardiopˈtosis, displacement of the heart downwards; ˌcardio-ˈpulmonary a., pertaining to the heart and the lungs; ˌcardio-ˈrenal a., pertaining to the heart and the kidneys; ˌcardio-reˈspiratory a., relating to the action of both heart and lungs; ˌcardio-scleˈrosis, induration of the tissues of the heart; ˈcardioscope (see quot. 1890); ˈcardiospasm, spasmodic contraction of the cardiac sphincter of the stomach; ˌcardiotaˈchometer, an instrument for measuring the rate at which the heart beats; cardiˈotomy, dissection or incision of the heart; ˌcardioˈtonic a., serving to invigorate the heart; ˌcardio-ˈvascular a., relating to both the heart and the blood-vessels.
| 1898 A. S. Packard Text-Bk. Ent. ii. 572 A long string or row of cells (*cardioblasts), which on each side border the mesodermal layer of the primitive band. |
| 1907 Practitioner Apr. 528 A smaller movement of the right *cardio-diaphragmatic angle. |
| 1876 Nature 13 Apr. 471/2 More than one physiologist has obtained far more satisfactory ‘*cardiograms’ by applying the sphygmograph. 1888 Buck's Handbk. Med. Sci. VI. 95/2 The Cardiogram.—A graphic record of the impulse of the heart against the chest-wall can be obtained by means of sphygmographs constructed on the principle of Marey's; or by modifications of the same for their better application to the thorax, as Galabin's cardiograph. 1892 A. E. Sansom Dis. Heart 493 Dr. Hercules Macdonald obtained cardiograms from the posterior aspect of the heart. |
| 1870 S. Gee Auscult. & Percuss. iii. 48 The *Cardiograph is an instrument invented by Chauveau and Marcy whereby the movements of the cardiac impulse may be registered. |
| 1964 Whitley Councils for Health Services P.T.B. Circular No. 174, 2 A *Cardiographer is an officer who has completed..appropriate..training..and is employed on electrocardiography. |
| 1884 B. Bramwell Dis. Heart 751 *Cardiographic tracings are usually obtained from the pulsations of the left apex-beat. |
| 1907 Practitioner Nov. 610 Both *cardiographically and clinically, its duration is well defined. |
| 1884 B. Bramwell Dis. Heart 31 The *cardio-inhibitory centre in the medulla. 1907 Practitioner Nov. 693 The conservative influence of cardio-inhibitory action. |
| 1942 M. C. Pangborn in Jrnl. Biol. Chem. CXLIII. 247 It is proposed to designate this substance ‘*cardiolipin’. 1946 Nature 27 July 119/2 Almost as active preparations could be obtained with cardiolipin. |
| 1922 Encycl. Brit. XXXI. 350/2 Another aspect of the *cardiological problem..is the so-called ‘nervous or irritable heart’. 1927 Daily Tel. 21 June 15 The cardiological department contains an electrocardiograph. |
| 1885 Lancet 26 Sept. 576/1 Being near the great *cardiologist, he thought he would hear what he had to say. 1965 Math. in Biol. & Med. (Med. Res. Council) I. 34 He claims that the computer can diagnose correctly as often as three experienced cardiologists using the same clinical data. |
| 1903 Lancet 18 July 188/2 Dr. Brauer performed an operation which has been called *cardiolysis and which consists in resecting some costal cartilages and a part of the sternum so that the heart would have more freedom of movement. 1918 F. W. Price Dis. Heart 346 The advisability of performing the operation of ‘cardiolysis’ in some cases of severe adhesions between the pericardium and the chest wall. |
| 1860 Reade Cloister & H. II. 334, I called little Kate's hand a *Kardiometer, or heart-measurer, because it graduated emotion, and pinched by scale. 1875 H. Wood Therap. (1879) 151 The..beat will influence the mercurial column of the cardiometer. |
| 1878 Rep. Smithsonian Inst. 423 Careful *cardiometrical studies showing that the arterial pressure is not seriously affected. |
| 1910 J. Mackenzie Dis. Heart (ed. 2) 399/1 *Cardio-motor centres. 1924 R. W. G. Hingston in E. F. Norton Fight for Everest: 1924 (1925) 250 The cardiomotor mechanism of the vigorous man at a height of 16,000 feet closely resembles that of the physically inefficient person at sea-level. |
| 1885 Lancet 1 Aug. 219/2 The commonest age at which the *cardiopathy manifests itself..is from forty to forty-six. |
| 1905 Medical Annual 185 Palpitations, attacks of vertigo, and occasionally inability to lie on the left side, are the principal symptoms... *Cardioptosis does not endanger life. 1918 F. W. Price Dis. Heart 24 The apex-beat..may be displaced downwards in cardioptosis, emphysema, and pneumothorax. |
| 1908 Practitioner Mar. 324 Such murmurs are louder during inspiration, and are literally *cardio-pulmonary, the pulmonary artery being compressed by the flattened chest-wall through the medium of the lung. 1959 Times 14 Oct. 14/5 A cardio-pulmonary research centre. |
| 1913 Jrnl. Chem. Soc. CIV. i. 1022 Respiration and Metabolism in *Cardio-renal Disease. |
| 1892 Osler Princ. Med. 227 The so-called *cardio-respiratory murmur. 1908 J. Mackenzie Dis. Heart 26 A cardio-respiratory reflex. 1964 L. Martin Clinical Endocrinol. (ed. 4) ii. 61 A cardio-respiratory syndrome. |
| 1894 Gould Dict. Med., *Cardio-sclerosis. 1908 J. Mackenzie Dis. Heart p. xviii, The term cardio-sclerosis, unless qualified, will always refer to the group with arterial degeneration. |
| 1890 Billings Nat. Med. Dict. I. 230/2 *Cardioscope, instrument for examining the movements of the heart. |
| 1900 Dorland Med. Dict. 135/1 *Cardiospasm. 1914, 1939 Cardiospasm [see achalasia]. |
| 1928 Arch. Internal Med. XLI. 403 The *cardiotachometer, an instrument to count the totality of heart beats over long periods of time. 1956 Newsweek 26 Nov. 104/2 The cardiotachometer..detects heart stoppage on the operating table seconds before it is recognizable to the surgeon. |
| 1922 Encycl. Brit. XXXI. 348/1 Doyen attempted *cardiotomy on a patient believed to be suffering from mitral stenosis. |
| 1936 Nature 19 Sept. 484/1 None of the recognized *cardiatonic [sic] drugs seems to have been used in China at the date, a.d. 1596, when this list was compiled. 1949 Blakiston's New Gould Med. Dict. 182/1 Cardiotonic. |
| 1879 St. George's Hosp. Rep. IX. 798 *Cardio-vascular pulsation. 1909 Practitioner Nov. 617 The cardio-vascular hypertrophy. 1918 F. W. Price Dis. Heart 79 Those articles of food which especially stimulate the cardio-vascular system. 1962 Lancet 29 Dec. 1386/2 Deaths should be assigned to the cardiovascular or cerebrovascular class of disease. |
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Add:
ˌcardiomyˈopathy [
myo-], (a) disease of the heart muscle,
esp. a chronic one of unknown or uncertain cause.
| 1957 W. Brigden in Lancet 14 Dec. 1179/1 The term *cardiomyopathy is used here to indicate isolated non-coronary myocardial disease. 1980 Brit. Heart Jrnl. XLIV. 672/1 Cardiomyopathies are heart muscle diseases of unknown cause. 1984 Which? Oct. 447/2 In addition, the heart muscle can be weakened by years of heavy drinking, this is called ‘[alcoholic] cardiomyopathy’ and may result in heart failure. 1987 Oxf. Textbk. Med. (ed. 2) II. xiii. 209/1 When the cause of a cardiomyopathy is identified it becomes a specific heart muscle disorder and is known by this (e.g. sarcoid heart disease) even though the precise aetiology of the disorder may still be obscure. |