hexose Chem.
(ˈhɛksəʊs, -z)
[f. hex- + -ose.]
A monosaccharide that contains six carbon atoms; hexose phosphate, a phosphate derivative of a hexose, as hexose monophosphate, hexose diphosphate, substances important as intermediates in many metabolic processes.
| 1892 E. F. Smith tr. V. von Richter's Org. Chem. (ed. 2) 499 The hexoses occur frequently in plants, especially in ripe fruits. 1909 Proc. R. Soc. B. LXXXI. 528 (heading) The hexosephosphate formed by yeast-juice from hexose and phosphate. 1916 A. P. Mathews Physiol. Chem. iv. 169 All true nucleic acids, or polynucleotides, of animal origin..have been found to contain a hexose group, or several of them. 1926 Biochem. Jrnl. XX. 854 Blood-plasma contains small amounts of a phosphatase similar to that found in bone. Like the latter it hydrolyses sodium glycerophosphate, hexosemonophosphate and hexosediphosphate. 1935 Tipson & Stiller in Harrow & Sherwin Textbk. Biochem. ii. 63 The naturally occurring hexoses (d-glucose, d-mannose, d-galactose and d-fructose) are the only sugars which undergo fermentation by yeast. 1956 Nature 11 Feb. 274/1 In algae it is considered that the oxidative assimilation of hexose follows the same glycolytic pathway as in higher organisms. 1960 McGraw-Hill Encycl. Sci. & Technol. II. 460/1 The principal alternative pathways by which sugars are dissimilated..are known as the hexose monophosphate pathways. 1965 New Scientist 17 June 761/1 Food sugars absorbed from the gut are hexoses. |
So heˈxonic a. [-onic], designating an acid formed from an aldohexose by oxidation of the aldehyde group to a carboxyl group; hexosamine (hɛkˈsəʊsəmiːn) [amine], a derivative of a hexose in which a hydroxyl group is replaced by an amino group; so hexosaˈminic a., designating the acid derived from hexosamine; ˈhexosan [-an], a polysaccharide of which the constituent monosaccharides are hexoses.
| 1894 G. M'Gowan tr. Bernthsen's Org. Chem. (ed. 2) ix. 236 By the conversion of the hexonic acids (through the hexoses) into the corresponding alcohols (mannite, etc.), the number of possible stereo-isomers is diminished. 1894 Amer. Chem. Jrnl. XVI. 227 If hexosans are gradually oxidized with chromic acid and afterwards distilled with acids, large amounts of furfurol are obtained. 1914 Jrnl. Biol. Chem. XVIII. 123 The hexosamine..was obtained directly on concentration of the product of hydrolysis of chondroitin sulphuric acid. 1915 Ibid. XX. 441 (heading) Hexosaminic acid from ribose. 1921 A. L. Smith Lichens v. 211 Besides these [carbohydrates], which rank as hexosans, Ulander found small quantities of pentosans and methyl pentosans. 1957 E. V. Miller Chem. Plants i. 7 The hexosan cellulose is the fundamental constituent of the plant cell wall. 1958 Fruton & Simmonds Gen. Biochem. (ed. 2) xxi. 536 The oxidation of d-galactose by Pseudomonas saccharophila also appears to involve the intermediate formation of hexonic acids. 1961 New Scientist 5 Jan. 15/1 In chronic brain diseases and manic psychoses the macromolecular hexosamine was elevated. |
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Add: hexosaˈminidase n. Biochem., either of two lysosomal enzymes which catalyse the hydrolysis of globoside and some gangliosides.
| 1955 Jrnl. Biol. Chem. CCXIII. 237 It will be demonstrated that β-glucuronidase action leads to liberation of d-glucuronic acid, while a hexosaminidase..yields N-acetylglucosamine. 1971 Time 13 Sept. 40/1 Hexosaminidase-A, the lack of which causes Tay-Sachs disease. 1987 Oxf. Textbk. Med. (ed. 2) I. ix. 34/2 There are two isoenzymes (A and B) of hexosaminidase which catalyse the conversion of Gm2-ganglioside to Gm3-ganglioside, Ga2-ganglioside to lactosylceramide..and globoside to α-galactosyl-lactosyl-ceramide. |