thyro-
(ˈθaɪərəʊ)
also (more correctly but less commonly) thyreo- (ˈθaɪəriːəʊ),
used as combining form of thyroid, in reference to the thyroid cartilage or the thyroid gland.
1. In reference to the thyroid cartilage.
thyro-arytenoid (-ærɪˈtiːnɔɪd) a. (rarely thyreo-), pertaining to or connecting the thyroid and arytenoid cartilages of the larynx; t. ligaments or thyro-arytenoid folds, the vocal cords; t. muscles, a pair of muscles which relax the vocal cords; also as n. = t. muscle. thyrochonˈdrotomy, surgical incision of the thyroid cartilage. thyro-ˈcricoid a., pertaining to or connecting the thyroid and cricoid cartilages; also as n. = thyro-cricoid muscle. thyro-criˈcotomy: see quot. thyro-epiglottic (-ɛpɪˈglɒtɪk) a. (also thyreo-), connecting the thyroid cartilage and the epiglottis; so thyro-epiglottidean (-ɛpɪglɒˈtɪdiːən) a. thyro-hyal (-ˈhaɪəl) a. = next; usually as n., applied to the greater cornu of the hyoid bone in mammals, or to each of the long horns of the same bone in birds. thyro-hyoid (-ˈhaɪɔɪd) a., pertaining to or connecting the thyroid cartilage and the hyoid bone; n. = thyro-hyoid muscle; so ˌthyro-hyˈoidean a. thyroˈpalatine a. (also thyreo-), connecting the thyroid cartilage and the palate: applied to part of the palato-pharyngeus muscle. thyropharyngean (-fəˈrɪndʒiːən) a. (also thyreo-), connecting the thyroid cartilage and the pharynx (see quot.). thyˈrotomy (also thyreo-) [Gr. τοµή cutting], incision or division of the thyroid cartilage.
| [1693 tr. Blancard's Phys. Dict. (ed. 2), *Thyroarytænoides, a pair of Muscles that proceed from the Cartilage called Scutiformis, and extending themselves forward to the Sides of the Arytænoides..serve to close the opening of the Larynx.] 1855 Bain Senses & Int. ii. iv. §32 (1864) 314 The..vocal cords..are two bands..attached in front to..the depression between the wings of the thyroid cartilage, and behind to the arytenoid cartilages; from this connexion they are called thyro-arytenoid ligaments. 1899 Allbutt's Syst. Med. VI. 818 The laryngeal muscles chiefly involved have been the internal thyro-arytenoids. |
| 1911 Dorland Med. Dict. (ed. 6), *Thyrochondrotomy. |
| 1901 Benham in Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 2 Apr. 286 This longitudinal muscle is topographically a ‘*thyro-cricoid’. |
| 1899 Syd. Soc. Lex., *Thyro-cricotomy, tracheotomy performed through the crico-thyroid membrane alone. |
| 1857 Dunglison Med. Lex., *Thyreo-epiglottic... Sabatier and Santorini have given this name to the outer portion of the thyro-arytenoid muscle; because it passes from the thyroid cartilage to the anterior part of the epiglottis. 1890 Billings Nat. Med. Dict., Thyro-epiglottic ligament... Thyro-epiglottic muscle. |
| 1901 Benham in Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 2 Apr. 286 The *thyro-epiglottidean muscle..is also a conspicuous constituent in the ventral region of the larynx. |
| 1854 Owen Skel. & Teeth in Orr's Circ. Sc. I. Org. Nat. 209 The basihyal has..coalesced with the *thyrohyals to form a broad cartilaginous plate. 1881 Mivart Cat 134 The thyro-hyal muscle. |
| 1831 R. Knox Cloquet's Anat. 82 The digastric and *thyro-hyoid muscles. |
| 1872 Cohen Dis. Throat 134 The *thyreo-palatine portion of the muscle. 1899 Syd. Soc. Lex., Thyro-palatine. |
| [1857 Dunglison Med. Lex., *Thyro-pharyngeus, Thyreo-pharyngeus.] |
| 1860 Mayne Expos. Lex., Thyreopharyngeus,..applied to the middle portion of the constrictor pharyngis inferior muscle: *thyreopharyngean. |
| 1880 M. Mackenzie Dis. Throat & Nose I. 331 *Thyrotomy should never be undertaken until removal by the endolaryngeal method has been first attempted. 1890 Billings Nat. Med. Dict., Thyreotomy... Thyrotomy, section of the thyroid cartilage. 1899 Syd. Soc. Lex., Thyreotomy, division of the thyroid cartilage for exploratory purposes. |
2. In reference to the thyroid gland. (Often
thyreo-.)
thyro-antiˈtoxin, an antitoxin developed in thyroid poisoning; trade-name of a thyroid preparation used as a therapeutic.
ˌthyrocalcitonin (
-kælsɪˈtəʊnɪn) [
calcitonin f. L.
calx,
calc(i)- lime +
tonic a.
and n. +
-in1], a polypeptide hormone secreted by the thyroid gland which reduces the levels of calcium in the blood; also called
calcitonin.
ˈthyrocele, a tumour of the thyroid gland; goitre.
thyroˈcolloid, the colloid matter of the thyroid gland.
thyroˈgenic,
thyˈrogenous adjs.: see
quot. 1909.
thyro-, thyreoˈglobulin, the essential albuminous principle of the thyroid gland, an iodized principle, which forms, together with another albuminous substance belonging to the nucleo-proteins, the colloid substance of the gland.
thyroˈglossal a., in
t. duct, a duct of the embryo extending from the thyroid to the base of the tongue.
thyro-ˈiodine, a substance containing iodine, obtained by decomposition of thyroglobulin, which has been thought to be the active principle of the gland: now more usually called
iodoˈthyrin.
thyroˈlingual a. = thyroglossal.
thyroˈlytic a., destructive of thyroid tissue.
ˌthyroparathyroiˈdectomy, excision of both the thyroid and the parathyroids; so
ˌthyroparathyroiˈdectomize v. trans.,
-ˈdectomized ppl. a. † thyroˈproteid,
thyroˈprotein, the specific protein of the thyroid gland.
thyroˈtherapy, treatment of disease by a preparation of the thyroid glands of sheep.
thyroˈtoxic a.,
thyroˈtoxin: see
quots. 1909, 1911.
ˈthyrotoxiˌcosis, a disorder in which there is an excessive amount of thyroid hormones in the blood.
thyroˈtrop(h)ic a. (also
† thyreo-) [
-trophic,
-tropic], applied to a hormone secreted by the pituitary which regulates the activity of the thyroid gland; hence
thyroˈtrop(h)in, thyrotropic hormone;
thyrotrop(h)in-releasing factor,
hormone, a hormone secreted by the hypothalamus which stimulates the release of thyrotropin from the pituitary.
| 1895 Pall Mall G. 16 Dec. 1/3 Dr. Fränkel, of Vienna,..has named it provisionally *thyreo-antitoxin. [He] states..that it will be possible to administer it clinically without the risk of ptomaine poisoning. 1899 Allbutt's Syst. Med. VIII. 57 Fränkel has succeeded in separating a basic product from the thyroid (thyreo-antitoxin). 1909 Dorland Med. Dict. (ed. 5), Thyro-antitoxin. |
| 1963 P. F. Hirsch et al. in Endocrinology LXXIII. 252/2 Whether or not the thyroid hypocalcemic agent that we have demonstrated is the same as..calcitonin..it is of considerable pharmacological interest. As a tentative name for the substance we propose ‘*thyrocalcitonin’. 1974 D. & M. Webster Compar. Vertebr. Morphol. xiii. 311 The parafollicular cells of the thyroid gland produce quite a different hormone, called calcitonin or thyrocalcitonin. |
| 1886 Buck's Handbk. Med. Sc. III. 350/1 Goitre..*Thyreocele (P. Frank). |
| 1909 Dorland Med. Dict. (ed. 5), Thyrocele, *Thyrocolloid. |
| 1887 Buck's Handbk. Med. Sc. V. 143 *Thyrogenic. |
| 1909 Dorland Med. Dict. (ed. 5), *Thyrogenous,..originating in the thyroid gland. |
| 1908 Allbutt's Syst. Med. IV. i. 325 Other bodies..have been separated from the gland,..among these may be mentioned Oswald's iodine-free *thyreo-globulin. 1911 J. A. Mandel tr. Hammarsten's Text-bk. Physiol. Chem. (ed. 6) 356 It seems proven that the specifically active substance is..a protein substance: Notkin's thyreoproteid, Oswald's thyreoglobulin. |
| 1909 Dorland Med. Dict. (ed. 5), *Thyroglossal duct. |
| 1896 Daily News 30 Apr. 8/7 Professor Baumann and Dr. Roos..find that the active principle [of the thyroid gland] is a substance named ‘*Thyro-iodin’. 1897 [see thyroid B. 2]. 1903 Cushing Text-bk. Pharmacology 715 Iodothyrin was at first named thyroiodin, but this was liable to be confused with thyreoidin, a term used to indicate the simple extract of the gland. |
| 1896 Allbutt's Syst. Med. I. 206 The *thyro⁓lingual duct. |
| 1889 Buck's Handbk. Med. Sc., App. 539 *Thyrolytic. |
| 1956 Nature 21 Jan. 138/1 Six animals were adrenalectomized..: the remaining six were *thyroparathyroidectomized. |
| 1932 Amer. Jrnl. Physiol. C. 262 (heading) Heterotopic bone formation in *thyroparathyroidectomized dogs. 1976 H. Campion et al. in B.E.C. Nordin Calcium, Phosphate & Mineral Metabolism xii. 466 Thyroparathyroidectomized (TPTX) rats had their serum phosphate levels manipulated by dietary means. |
| 1920 Nature 9 Dec. 488/2 The effect of thyroid-feeding and of *thyroparathyroidectomy upon the pituitrin content of the posterior lobe of the pituitary. 1956 Ibid. 21 Jan. 138/1 The effect of thyro-parathyroidectomy on the blood changes induced by injected cortisone..has been studied. |
| 1899 Allbutt's Syst. Med. VIII. 57 Notkin isolated a substance from the thyroid (*thyreo-protein). 1911 Dorland Med. Dict. (ed. 6) s.v., It is probably one of the functions of the thyroid to produce a ferment which neutralizes the toxic effect of an accumulation of thyroprotein in the body. |
| 1907 Med. Record 5 Oct. 584 He regretted that *thyrotherapy had been neglected in the treatment of skin diseases. |
| 1904 Nature 18 Feb. 375 *Thyrotoxic. 1909 Cent. Dict., Supp., Thyreotoxic. 1909 Dorland Med. Dict. (ed. 5), Thyrotoxic,..marked by toxic activity of the thyroid gland. |
| 1911 Stedman Med. Dict. 887/1 *Thyrotoxicosis, exophthalmic goiter. 1912 Jrnl. Amer. Med. Assoc. 3 Aug. 328/1 A patient 23 years of age having an adenoma has a definite fixed chance of developing thyrotoxicosis during her thirty-seventh year. 1977 Lancet 27 Aug. 438/2 Simpson hypothesised an autoimmune basis for myasthenia gravis on account of its association with disorders thought to have an autoimmune ætiology—such as..thyrotoxicosis. |
| 1911 Dorland Med. Dict. (ed. 6), *Thyrotoxin, a cytotoxin specific for thyroid tissue. |
| 1930 Crew & Wiesner in Brit. Med. Jrnl. 26 Apr. 777/1 (heading) On the existence of a fourth hormone, *thyreotropic in nature, of the anterior pituitary. 1957 New Biol. XXIII. 117 The pituitary gland exerts some control over the thyroid gland, as it secretes a ‘thyrotropic’ hormone. 1965 Lee & Knowles Animal Hormones ii. 21 Adrenocorticotrophic hormone..and thyrotrophic hormone..are also secreted by the adenohypophysis. |
| 1944 Hackh's Chem. Dict. (ed. 3) 856/2 *Thyrotrophin. 1952 New Biol. XIII. 65 Activity of the thyroid is maintained by the stimulus of a hormone, thyrotropin. 1959 [see TRF s.v. T 6]. 1968 [see TRH s.v. T 6]. 1976 Nature 8 Apr. 480/2 The α subunit of HCG..is nearly identical to the α subunits of thyroid-stimulating hormone (thyrotropin)..and luteinising hormone. 1980 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 29 Mar. 895/1 Two patients..had impaired responses of serum thyroid stimulating hormone to thyrotrophin releasing hormone. |