camph-
abbreviation of camphor, taken as a stem on which to form names of related chemical substances, as ˈcamphane [-ane], an inert, saturated bicyclic terpene, C10H18; now usu. called bornane; ˈcamphene, a terpene contained in camphor oil from Laurus camphora; a crystalline colourless mass; generic name for the hydrocarbons isomeric or polymeric with oil of turpentine (C10H16); = terebene; ˈcampherene, a camphene of the second order (see quot.); ˈcamphilene, ‘Deville's name for the camphene obtained by treating hydrochlorate of turpentine oil with lime; also any camphene of the third order’ (Watts); ˈCamphine (-aɪn), the commercial name of an illuminating oil procured by distillation from common turpentine; also attrib.; ˈcamphogen, according to Watts = cymene, C10H14; but apparently also loosely used for camphene and camphine; ˈcamphoid [-oid], a preparation of pyroxylin and camphor in alcohol; ˈcamphol, † applied by Gerhardt to common camphor; but by Berthelot to C10H18O, regarded as the alcohol of a series of which Borneol is one variety, and common camphor the aldehyde; camˈpholic acid, C10H18O2; ˈcampholide (also † -id) [-olid (see quot. 1896)], either of two isomers of the lactone C10H16O2, a crystalline substance resembling camphor; ˈcamphyl, the radical of camphol, C10H17; whence camˈphylic a.
| 1895 Jrnl. Chem. Soc. LXVIII. i. 426 (heading) Action of Nitrous acid on Oximes of the Camphor (*Camphane) Series. 1932 J. L. Simonsen Terpenes II. v. 221 The saturated dicyclic hydrocarbon, camphane, C10H16, is of outstanding importance, since it is the parent hydrocarbon of the camphor group. 1952 Chem. & Engin. News 3 Mar. 930/3 The parent of borneol and camphor..is called bornane rather than camphane because of conflicting names beginning with camph-. |
| 1839–47 Todd Cycl. Anat. III. 152/6 Camphor..is now found to be an oxide of *camphene. 1873 Watts Fownes' Chem. 779 A crystallised hydrocarbon, called camphene. |
| 1863–79 Watts Dict. Chem. I. 724 A camphene often yields several isomeric modifications by treatment with different acids, or by repeated treatment with the same acid. The new camphenes thus produced are called camphenes of the second order, or sometimes *campherenes. Another class, called camphenes of the third order, or sometimes *camphilenes, are obtained by the action of lime or baryta at high temperatures on the hydrochlorates of other camphenes. |
| 1842 Mech. Mag. XXXVII. 380 Lamp for burning oil and *Camphine. 1849 Miss Mulock Ogilvies xxxvi. (1875) 275 This camphine is always too dull or too bright. 1850 Kingsley Alt. Locke iii. (1876) 37 Ye comfortable folks who..grow wise in an easy chair with..a camphine lamp. c 1865 Letheby in Circ. Sc. I. 106/1 Oil of turpentine, or camphine. |
| 1863–79 Watts Dict. Chem. I. 726 *Camphogen, Dumas' name for the hydrocarbon C10H14, obtained from camphor by the action of phosphoric anhydride; it is identical with cymene. |
| 1897 F. P. Foster Reference-bk. Pract. Therapeutics I. 203/2 *Camphoid, a solution of 1 part of soluble gun-cotton and 20 parts of camphor in 20 parts of absolute alcohol, is used like collodion. 1929 Woolley & Forrester Pharmaceutical Formulas (ed. 10) I. 54/2 Camphoid. Collodion Substitute... Used as a vehicle for iodoform, salicylic acid,..and ichthyol. |
| 1863–79 Watts Dict. Chem. I. 726 The several bodies to which the name *camphol has been applied, are isomeric but not identical, being especially distinguished by their different rotatory power. 1876 Harley Mat. Med. 703 A solid crystalline camphor, called borneol or camphol. |
| 1896 M. O. Forster in Jrnl. Chem. Soc. LXIX. i. 39 The isomeric lactone will be called *campholid, the termination olid indicating, according to systematic nomenclature, a compound of lactonic character. 1938 Thorpe's Dict. Appl. Chem. (ed. 4) II. 247/2 Reduction of camphoric anhydride with sodium amalgam..or catalytically..gives α-campholide, whilst reduction of β-methyl hydrogen camphorate gives β-campholide, m.p. 218°–220°. |
| 1876 Harley Mat. Med. 703 *Camphylic alcohol, of which common or laurel camphor is the aldehyd. |
| 1876 tr. Schutzenberger's Ferment. 30 The presence of *camphyl alcohol. |