peri-, prefix
repr. Gr. περί prep. and adv., ‘round, around, round about, about’, combined in these senses with verbs and their derivatives, substantives and adjectives; (a) in adverbial construction, as περιβλέπειν to look around, περιστρέϕειν to turn round, περίοδος a going round, περίπατος walking about, περίχρῡσος gilded all over; from the sense ‘all over’, it was an easy extension to those of ‘altogether, quite, very, exceedingly, beyond measure’, as in περικαλλής right beautiful, very beautiful, and that of ‘going beyond’ or ‘exceeding’, as in περιτοξεύειν to overshoot. (b) In prepositional construction, forming parasynthetic adjs. and derived ns., e.g. περικάρδιος ‘situated περὶ καρδίᾳ, around or about the heart’, thence τὸ περικάρδιον ‘the membrane surrounding the heart, the pericardium’.
A small number of technical Greek words in περι- were adopted in ancient Latin; more were added in late and mediæval Latin; most of these are represented in the modern Romanic langs., and in English (see pericardium, pericarp, period, peripatetic, periphery, periphrase, periplus, peristyle, peritoneum); and, on the model of these, adaptations of ancient Greek compounds in περι-, and new compounds from Greek elements (frequently also from Latin elements), have been introduced in great numbers in modern scientific Latin (esp. in biological nomenclature), and in the scientific terminology of the modern languages generally, in which peri- has been found to be a convenient prefix for denominating the structure or region lying round a defined organ or part. Most of these terms are (with the appropriate modification of form) of international currency, and it is often difficult to ascertain in which of several languages a particular term was first used.
The more important peri- words (including those of historical standing, and those in more or less general use) will be found in their alphabetical places; others of less importance or more exclusively technical use follow here.
1. In numerous scientific terms, chiefly anatomical and pathological.
In these peri- has a prepositional relation to the n. implied in the succeeding element (see (b) above).
a. In adjs. = situated or occurring about or around, surrounding or enclosing (the part, organ, etc. denoted by the second element); sometimes also = pertaining to the part, or thing, denoted by a corresponding n. (see b): as
ˌperiadvenˈtitial, situated outside the adventitia or outer coat of a blood-vessel; periamˈpullary, around an ampulla or dilated mouth of a duct (in quot., that of the bile-duct); periˈanal, around or about the anus (Syd. Soc. Lex.); periˈapical, situated or occurring around the apex of the root of a tooth; ˌperiaqueˈductal, situated around the aqueduct of the mid-brain; periarˈterial, around an artery or arteries; periarˈticular [L. articulus joint], around a joint; periˈaxial, around an axis; spec. around the axis-cylinder of a nerve; periˈbranchial (-kɪəl), around the branchiæ or gills; periˈbronchial (-kɪəl), around the bronchial tubes; periˈbursal, around a bursa mucosa in a joint; pericæcal (-ˈsiːkəl), around the cæcum; pericaˈpillary, around a capillary blood vessel; periˈcellular, around a cell or cells; periceˈmental, of or pertaining to the pericementum; periceˈphalic [Gr. κεϕαλή head], round the head, as the external carotid artery; periˈcerebral, around the brain, or the cerebral hemispheres; perichordal (-ˈkɔːdəl), around the notochord or spinal cord; perichoˈroidal (-kɒr-), around the choroid coat of the eye; periˈcolic, situated or occurring around the colon; periˈcorneal, around the cornea of the eye (Syd. Soc. Lex.); periˈcortical, around the cortex (see cortex 3); pericystic (-ˈsɪstɪk) [Gr. κύστις bladder], around the bladder, or a cyst; periˈdental [L. dens tooth] = periodontal; periˈdural, around the dura mater; periˈendymal, perieˈpendymal, around the ependyma or lining membrane of the cerebral ventricles and spinal canal; perifaˈscicular [L. fasciculus bundle], around a bundle, e.g. of nerve-fibres; periˈfibral, periˈfibrous, around a fibre, as the perifibrum of a sponge (see b); perifoˈllicular, around a follicle; perigangliˈonic, around a ganglion; periˈgastric [Gr. γαστήρ belly, stomach], around the stomach or alimentary canal; periˈgenital, situated in the area around the genitals; periˈglandular, around a gland; periˈglottic [Gr. γλῶττα tongue], around the base of the epiglottis; perignathic (-ˈgnæθɪk) [Gr. γνάθος jaw], around the jaws; perigoˈnadial, situated around a gonad; periˈhæmal Zool. [ad. G. perihämal (H. Ludwig 1877, in Zeitschr. f. Wissensch. Zool. XXX. 123)], used to designate certain vessels and cavities in echinoderms and other invertebrates (see quots.); periheˈpatic [Gr. ἧπαρ liver], around the liver; peri-inˈtestinal, around the intestines; perilaryngeal (-ˈrɪndʒɪəl), around the larynx; perilenˈticular, (the space) surrounding the crystalline lens of the eye; periˈlobular, around the lobes or lobules (of the liver or lungs); perilymˈphangial [L. lympha lymph + Gr. ἀγγεῖον vessel], around a lymphatic vessel; perimetrial (-ˈmiːtrɪəl) [Gr. µήτρα uterus], around the uterus (= perimetric a.2); periˈnephral, periˈnephric [Gr. νεϕρός kidney], around the kidney (so periˈnephrial, pertaining to the perinephrium: see b); periˈnuclear, around the nucleus; periˈocular [L. oculus eye] = periophthalmic; perioˈdontal [Gr. ὀδούς tooth], around a tooth, pertaining to the periodontum (see b); hence perioˈdontally adv.; periœsophageal (-iːsəʊˈfædʒiːəl), around the œsophagus; perioophoric (-əʊəʊˈfɒrɪk) [Gr. ὠοϕόρον ovary], around the ovary; periophˈthalmic [Gr. ὀϕθαλµός eye], around the eye; periˈoptic [see optic] = periorbital; periˈoral [L. ōs, ōr- mouth], around the mouth; periˈorbital, around the orbit of the eye; peripancreˈatic, around the pancreas; peripaˈpillary, around the optic papilla; periˈpenial, (muscular fibres) surrounding the penis; periˈpetalous, around the petals of a plant, or the petaloid ambulacra of an echinoid; peripharyngeal (-fəˈrɪndʒɪəl), around the pharynx; periˈportal, around the portal vein (Syd. Soc. Lex.); periproˈstatic, around the prostate gland; peripyˈloric, around the pylorus; periˈrectal, situated around the rectum; periˈrenal [L. rēn kidney] = perinephric; periˈrhinal [Gr. ῥίς, ῥῑν- nose], around the nose (Syd. Soc. Lex.); periˈsplenic, around the spleen; perisyˈnovial, around the synovial membrane; perithoˈracic, around the thorax; periˈtonsillar, around a tonsil or the tonsils; peritracheal (-ˈtreɪkɪəl), around the trachea of an insect; periˈungual [L. unguis nail], around the nail; ˌperiureˈteric, around one or both ureters; periuˈrethral, around the urethra; periˈuterine, around the uterus; periˈvascular [L. vasculum vessel], around a vessel or vessels (usu. blood-vessels); periˈvenous [L. vēna vein], around a vein; perivenˈtricular, around a ventricle; periˈvesical [L. vēsīca bladder], around the bladder; periˈvisceral, around the viscera; periviˈtelline, around the vitellus or yolk of an ovum. (See quotations after c.)
b. In ns. (mostly in Latin form) denoting a part, organ, etc., surrounding or enclosing that denoted by the second element: as perianth, -anthium, pericardium, etc.
‖ periceˈmentum, the substance surrounding the cement of a tooth; ˈperichord [see chord], the sheath or investment of the notochord; ‖ periˈdenteum [f. L. dens, dent- tooth, after pericardium] (see quot.); ‖ periˈdesmium [Gr. δεσµός band], ‘the areolar tissue ensheathing a ligament’ (Syd. Soc. Lex.); ‖ periˈdidymis [after epididymis], the tunica albuginea enveloping the testicle (Syd. Soc. Lex.); ‖ periˈfibrum, a sheath surrounding a fibre and other parts in a sponge; ‖ periˈgamium [Gr. γάµος marriage] Bot., an involucre enclosing both male and female reproductive organs in mosses; ‖ periˈglottis [a. Gr. περιγλωττίς a covering of the tongue], the epithelium or skin of the tongue; also, the epiglottidean gland; ‖ periˈnephrium [Gr. νεϕρός kidney], the connective tissue which envelops the kidney; ‖ perioˈdontium, † -oˈdontum [Gr. ὀδούς tooth], orig., the periodontal membrane, which invests the fang of a tooth; in mod. use, all the tissues surrounding a tooth, including the alveolar process, the cementum, and the gingiva, as well as the periodontal membrane; ‖ periophˈthalmium [Gr. ὀϕθαλµός eye], the nictitating membrane of a bird's eye; ‖ periphoˈranthium Bot. = periclinium; ‖ periˈstethium [Gr. στῆθος breast], Kirby's name for a part of the thorax of an insect, now usually called mesosternum; ‖ peritenˈdineum, the connective tissue forming the sheath of a tendon (Syd. Soc. Lex.); ‖ periˈthelium [after epithelium], a layer of cells like epithelium, lining a vessel or cavity; vascular epithelium; ‖ periˈzonium [Gr. ζωνή belt] Bot., a name for the thin non-siliceous membrane of a young auxospore in diatoms. (See quotations after c.)
c. Path. In ns. in -itis (-ˈaɪtɪs), denoting inflammation occurring in the parts around or about that denoted by the second element, or in the part denoted by a corresponding n. (see b); with corresponding adjs. in -itic (-ˈɪtɪk); as pericarditis, perineuritis, perityphlitis, etc., q.v., and many others, of which the following are examples.
periadeˈnitis [Gr. ἀδήν gland], inflammation of the connective tissue around a gland; periarteˈritis [coined in Ger. as periarteritis nodosa (Kussmaul & Maier 1866, in Deutsch. Arch. f. klin. Med. I. 484)], of the outer coat of an artery; = polyarteritis s.v. poly- 1; periarteritis nodosa (nəʊˈdəʊzə) [L. nōdōsus knotty, f. nōdus a knot], an often fatal form of periarteritis characterized by the formation of aneurysms; hence periarteˈritic a.; periarˈthritis [Gr. ἄρθρον joint], of the tissues round a joint (Syd. Soc. Lex.); peribronˈchitis, of the peribronchial connective tissue; ˌpericemenˈtitis, inflammation of the pericementum of a tooth; periˈcholecyˈstitis [cholecyst], of the peritoneum immediately covering the gall-bladder (Syd. Soc. Lex.); pericoˈlitis (-coloˈnitis), of the connective tissue round the colon; pericolˈpitis [Gr. κόλπος bosom, taken as = vagina], of the connective tissue round the vagina (Syd. Soc. Lex.); pericowpeˈritis, of the connective tissue around Cowper's glands; pericyˈstitis [Gr. κύστις bladder], of the connective tissue around the urinary bladder; ˌpericystomaˈtitis, ‘of the surrounding coat or membrane of an ovarian cystoma’ (Billings 1890); peridesˈmitis, of the peridesmium (see b); perididyˈmitis, of the perididymis (see b); ˌperiencephaˈlitis [encephalon], of the membranes surrounding the brain, esp. the pia mater; perienteˈritis [Gr. ἔντερον intestine], ‘of the subperitoneal connective tissue surrounding the intestine’ (Syd. Soc. Lex.); perigaˈstritis, ‘of the peritoneal coat of the stomach’ (Billings); perihepaˈtitis [Gr. ἧπαρ liver], of the serous tissue forming the capsule of the liver; perilarynˈgitis, of the connective tissue round the larynx (Syd. Soc. Lex.); perilymphang(e)ˈitis [see perilymphangial in a], of the connective tissue around a lymphatic vessel; perimeˈtritis [Gr. µήτρα uterus], of that part of the peritoneum about the uterus (hence perimeˈtritic a.); perimyeˈlitis [Gr. µυελός marrow, taken as = spinal cord], of the membranes surrounding the spinal cord; perineˈphritis, of the perinephrium (see b) or tissue surrounding the kidney (hence perineˈphritic a., relating to perinephritis; also erron. = perinephric: see a); periodonˈtitis, of the periodontum (see b); periœsophaˈgitis, of the connective tissue around the œsophagus (Syd. Soc. Lex.); perioophoritis (-əʊɒfəˈraɪtɪs) [Gr. ὠοϕόρον ovary], of that part of the peritoneum contiguous to the ovary (Syd. Soc. Lex.); periorˈbitis [contr. for periorbititis], of the periorbital membrane (see a); periorˈchitis (see quot.); peripachymeningitis (-ˌpækɪmɛnɪnˈdʒaɪtɪs), of the outer layer of the dura mater; periphacitis (-fəˈsaɪtɪs) [Gr. ϕακός lentil, taken as = lens], of the capsule of the crystalline lens of the eye (Mayne Expos. Lex.); periphleˈbitis [Gr. ϕλέψ, ϕλεβ- vein], of the connective tissue forming the sheath of a vein (hence periphleˈbitic a.); peripleuˈritis, of the areolar tissue beneath the pleura; periˌpylephleˈbitis [Gr. πύλη gate, ϕλέψ vein], of the connective tissue surrounding the portal vein (Syd. Soc. Lex.); perisalpinˈgitis [Gr. σάλπιγξ trumpet, taken as = Fallopian tube], of that part of the peritoneum adjacent to the Fallopian tube (ibid.); perispleˈnitis, of the peritoneal tissue forming the capsule of the spleen (hence perispleˈnitic a.); peritonsiˈllitis, of the tissue surrounding the tonsil; periureˈthritis, of the tissue surrounding the urethra; perivascuˈlitis, of the perivascular sheath (see a) of a blood-vessel, esp. of the retinal vessels (Syd. Soc. Lex.); perivisceˈritis, of the tissues round the viscera.
| 1897 Allbutt's Syst. Med. II. 143 In very severe cases [of Scarlatina] the Adenitis is often associated with a low form of *periadenitis. |
| Ibid. III. 721 Carcinoma starting in the duodenum near the biliary papilla—juxta-ampullary or *peri⁓ampullary carcinoma, as it has been called. |
| 1890 Billings Med. Dict. II. 311/1 *Perianal. 1897 Q. Jrnl. Microsc. Sci. XL. 291 [In the larval form of Phoronis] there are three prominent ciliated bands... Of the three the perianal band is the most prominent. 1971 G. H. Bourne Ape People xi. 246 Goodall suggests that the function of the swollen perianal region of the sexually receptive chimpanzee..is to signal to males..that the female is in fact in estrus. 1977 Lancet 20 Aug. 403/2 The perioral and perianal zones are bright and red. |
| 1920 Endelman & Wagner Gen. & Dental Path. xxxi. 422 The *periapical tissues may be invaded by bacteria which from the start give rise to chronic symptoms. 1974 H. P. Hitchcock Orthodontics for Undergraduates xxviii. 480 Periapical lesion around a replanted tooth. |
| 1950 Physiol. Rev. XXX. 460 Excitable foci may be followed caudal⁓ward..through the *periaqueductal grey. 1973 Nature 26 Oct. 447/2 Binding in the periaqueductal area of the midbrain was about the same as that of the posterior amygdala. |
| 1898 Allbutt's Syst. Med. V. 2 In each lobule the peribronchial tissue (as well as the *peri⁓arterial) is continuous with the perilobular tissue. |
| Ibid. 313 Both the *periarteritic and peribronchial granulations may occur as separate nodules. |
| 1876 Dunglison Dict. Med. Sci. (rev. ed.) 773/2 *Peri⁓arteriitis, inflammation of the sheath of an artery. 1880 A. Flint Princ. Med. 196 To..inflammatory changes in the outer coat of the arteries the name periarteritis is applied. 1892 F. P. Foster Med. Dict. IV. 2547/1 P[eriarteriitis] nodosa, a thickening of the intima and infiltration of the adventitia of an artery, producing a nodular prominence. 1933 Practitioners Libr. Med. & Surg. III. cxii. 1136 Periarteritis nodosa is a rare disease affecting medium-sized arteries in any portion of the body, most commonly in males between the ages of twenty and forty. 1961 R. D. Baker Essent. Path. viii. 136 The interaction of antigen and antibody may produce lesions in the heart, liver and kidneys resembling those of periarteritis nodosa. 1974 R. M. Kirk et al. Surgery ii. 9 Generalised diseases such as infections, uraemia, diabetes, scurvy, periarteritis..nodosa..and food allergies may be associated with frailty of the capillary walls. |
| 1897 Allbutt's Syst. Med. III. 80 *Periarticular bony formations may cause entire dislocation of a joint. |
| 1881 E. R. Lankester in Encycl. Brit. XII. 548/2 The Actinozoa..exhibit a differentiation of this space into an axial and a *periaxial portion. |
| 1878 Bell Gegenbaur's Comp. Anat. 400 A cavity formed around the branchial chamber by the lumen of these united sacs, the *peribranchial space (perithoracic chamber of authors). |
| 1873 T. H. Green Introd. Pathol. (ed. 2) 297 The thickening of the *peri-bronchial tissue which sometimes occurs in chronic bronchitis. |
| 1876 tr. Wagner's Gen. Pathol. (ed. 6) 243 *Peri-bronchitis..is a term applied to inflammation of the outer halves of the bronchial wall. |
| 1897 Allbutt's Syst. Med. III. 132 The redness, *peri-bursal swelling, and tenderness slowly disappeared. |
| 1879 St. George's Hosp. Rep. IX. 353 *Pericæcal inflammation. |
| 1928 Anatomical Rec. XXXIX. 45 The impression seems to be general..that there is but one type of *pericapillary cell. 1953 Jrnl. Appl. Physics XXIV. 1424/1 They [sc. the endothelial cells] possess..a large number of vesicles concentrated immediately under the cell membranes facing both the capillary lumen and the pericapillary spaces. 1977 Lancet 25 June 1364/2 The basal ganglia, thalamus, corpus callosum, and cerebral white-matter are peppered with innumerable pericapillary and periarteriolar microinfarcts, which sometimes coalesce into larger areas of softening. |
| 1896 Allbutt's Syst. Med. I. 121 An extensive *pericellular cirrhosis in cattle. 1899 Ibid. VII. 537 The nerve-cells of the brain are placed within pericellular sacs. |
| 1886 *Pericemental [see implantation 5 b]. 1940 H. K. Box Twelve Periodontal Studies v. 84 The formation, in the pericementum, of a new tissue..changes the normal arrangement of the pericemental structures, and..replaces the bone substance of the alveolar process. |
| 1882 Dental Rec. II. 441 A little sensitiveness becomes noticeable..indicating a beginning of *pericementitis. 1969 Luebke & Mullaney in Morris & Bohannan Dental Specialities in Gen. Practice viii. 357/2 Pericementitis..sometimes follows overinstrumentation or overmedication of a noninfected canal. |
| 1879 C. F. W. Bödecker in Dental Cosmos XXI. 593 The *pericementum (root membrane, or alveolo-dental periosteum, etc., as it has been termed by former writers) is a formation of connective tissue, identical with the periosteum which covers all bones. 1900 Lancet 18 Aug. 539/1 The pericementum compressed between the root of the teeth and the alveolus very quickly became necrosed. 1940 Pericementum [see pericemental above]. |
| 1890 Billings Nat. Med. Dict. II. 311 *Pericephalic artery. |
| 1876 tr. Wagner's Gen. Pathol. (ed. 6) 158 The peri-vascular lymphatic spaces communicate freely with the *peri-cerebral spaces. |
| 1878 Bell Gegenbaur's Comp. Anat. 447 *Perichordal tissue. |
| 1876 tr. Wagner's Gen. Pathol. (ed. 6) 151 The *perichoroidal space and its efferent canals. |
| 1907 Allbutt's Syst. Med. (ed. 2) III. 1015 *Pericolic inflammation may be excited by external violence. 1939 Times 20 Feb. 12/7 Lieutenant-Colonel Anderson I.M.S., successfully operated on Lord Brabourne, the Governor of Bengal, at Government House yesterday for pericolic inflammation. 1965 Arch. Surg. XCI. 407/2 The final diagnosis was pericolic abscess surrounding a solitary diverticulum of the ascending colon. |
| 1883 Standard 3 Jan. 5/6 The cause of death was perityphlitis and suppurating *pericolitis. |
| 1857 Dunglison Med. Lex. 694 *Pericolonitis. |
| 1889 G. A. Berry Dis. Eye i. ii. 72 *Pericorneal injection. |
| 1878 A. Hamilton Nerv. Dis. 100 A *peri-cortical collection of blood. |
| 1874 Van Buren Dis. Genit. Org. 78 The connective tissue around the gland is always largely implicated.., making the disease mainly a *peri-cowperitis. |
| 1876 Gross Dis. Bladder 31 The tumor may be a *pericystic accumulation of pus. |
| 1874 Van Buren Dis. Genit. Org. 240 *Peri-cystitis is the formation of matter in the connective tissue around and outside of the bladder. |
| 1889 J. M. Duncan Clin. Lect. Dis. Wom. (ed. 4) xliii. 377 Purulent *pericystomatitis..usually leading to general peritonitis and death. |
| 1859 J. Tomes Dental Surg. 90 The absorption being performed by the *peridental membrane. |
| Ibid. 439 Two distinct structures..the *peridenteum of the tooth and the periosteum of the bone. |
| 1753 Chambers Cycl. Supp. s.v. Periosteum, This [membrane]..when it covers..the ligaments [is called] *peridesmium. 1853 in Dunglison. |
| 1899 Allbutt's Syst. Med. VI. 881 Secondary inflammatory processes..occurring in the *peridural cellular tissue. |
| 1896 Ibid. I. 184 Considered as primary *periencephalitis. |
| 1846 G. E. Day tr. Simon's Anim. Chem. II. 500 Analysis of the fluid found in the peritoneum of a boy..who died from *perienteritis. |
| 1899 Allbutt's Syst. Med. VII. 22 Hallopeau..uses the word *peri-ependymal..as synonymous with central. |
| Ibid. VI. 704 Proliferation of the intra- and *peri-fascicular connective tissues. |
| 1884 A. Hyatt in Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist. XXIII. 83 The threads are surrounded by a *perifibral membrane. |
| Ibid., This *perifibrum envelopes the spicules as well as the fibre. |
| 1899 Allbutt's Syst. Med. VIII. 586 Confined to the immediate neighbourhood of the follicles, the sebaceous glands, and the *perifollicular papules. |
| 1863 Berkeley Brit. Mosses Gloss. 312 *Perigamium, the portion of the fertile reduced branchlets which contains the archegonia. |
| 1899 Allbutt's Syst. Med. VI. 733 Thickening of the *periganglionic tissue. |
| 1856 Allman Fresh-Water Polyzoa 23 That the *peri⁓gastric fluid consists mainly of water which has obtained entrance from without. |
| 1962 Science Survey III. 261 The perianal and *perigenital glands of the Mustelidae like the stoat, skunk, civet, and others..play an important part in the sexual and social life of their carriers. 1971 Nature 7 May 50/1 These results clearly established a sex difference in the development of perigenital adipose tissue. |
| 1842 Dunglison Med. Lex., *Periglottis, epiglottic gland. |
| 1888 Nature 22 Mar. 498/2 The *perigonadial spaces (so-called generative glands) and the pericardial space..are, then, the cœlom of the mollusca... In Cephalopods..the pericardial and perigonadial cœlomic remnants are continuous, and form one cavity. 1942 Grove & Newell Animal Biol. xiv. 220 Each gonad then acquires a cavity—the primary gonadial cavity—and becomes almost completely surrounded by a secondary or perigonadial cavity (gonocoel). |
| 1881 Q. Jrnl. Microsc. Sci. XXI. 171 The space..between the water-vessel above and the ambulacral epithelium below, which is traversed by the perforated longitudinal septum, was named by Ludwig the ‘*perihæmal canal’. It had been previously called the nerve-vessel or nerve-canal, and was supposed to form an integral part of the blood-vascular system. Now, however, it is regarded by Ludwig merely as a derivate of the body-cavity. 1897 Ibid. XL. 321 The front dorsal part of the trunk cœlom is produced into a pair of perihæmal spaces, embracing the dorsal blood-vessel. 1962 D. Nichols Echinoderms ii. 27 Perihaemal system. As its name suggests, this system normally surrounds the haemal complex, though some recent authors prefer to call it the hyponeural sinus system, referring to its relation to one part of the nervous system. |
| 1880 A. Flint Princ. Med. 590 Inflammation of the serous investment of [the liver]..is called *perihepatitis. |
| 1856 Woodward Mollusca iii. 335 The lower part of the alimentary canal continues surrounded by..the ‘*peri-intestinal sinus’. |
| 1893 Syd. Soc. Lex., *Perilaryngitis..often ends in *perilaryngeal abscess. |
| 1889 G. A. Berry Dis. Eye i. iv. 96 The intermediate free portion of the membrane fills in the *perilenticular space. |
| 1896 Allbutt's Syst. Med. I. 840 Slight *perilobular cell infiltration in the portal canals. |
| 1891 Quain's Anat. (ed. 10) II. i. 387 In the serous membranes, rounded nodules..are developed either around or at one side of an enlarged lymphatic (*perilymphangial nodule). |
| 1899 Allbutt's Syst. Med. VI. 439 [Lymphangitis] is practically always associated with inflammation of the tissues immediately surrounding the vessels—*peri-lymphangitis. |
| 1859 Todd Cycl. Anat. V. 689/1 *Perimetrial inflammation occasionally reaches the suppuration stage. |
| 1863 N. Syd. Soc. Year-bk. Med. 402 The cellular tissue between the folds of the broad ligaments of the uterus is the primary seat of *perimetritic exudations. |
| 1875 Jones & Siev. Pathol. Anat. (ed. 2) 757 *Perimetritis is..inflammation of the peritoneal covering of the uterus. |
| 1899 Allbutt's Syst. Med. VI. 912 A marginal or *perimyelitis as it is called being the result. |
| 1897 Ibid. IV. 342 A remarkable absence of *perinephric fat. |
| 1877 tr. H. von Ziemssen's Cycl. Med. XV. 544 Inflammations of the Kidney..and of the *Perinephritic Tissues. 1880 A. Flint Princ. Med. 907 Perinephritic abscess. |
| 1842 Dunglison Med. Lex., *Perinephritis, inflammation of the external cellular and fibrous membranes of the kidney..Rayer. |
| 1896 Allbutt's Syst. Med. I. 212 Shrunken nuclei lying in *peri-nuclear vacuoles. |
| 1893 Syd. Soc. Lex., *Peri⁓ocular space, the space that surrounds the eyeball..between it and the wall of the orbit. |
| 1854 Jrnl. R. Agric. Soc. XV. ii. 308 The *periodontal covering to the tooth. 1899 Allbutt's Syst. Med. VI. 743 Inflammation of the periodontal membrane. |
| 1955 J. Osborne Dental Mech. (ed. 4) ix. 148 *Periodontally diseased teeth. 1975 H. Thomson Occlusion xi. 215 Periodontally disturbed abutment teeth..may have to be crowned and splinted to sound adjacent teeth. |
| 1872 L. P. Meredith Teeth (1878) 93 More cases of root troubles, as abscesses, *periodontitis, etc., occur in teeth filled with amalgam. |
| 1878 T. Bryant Pract. Surg. I. 557 The ‘alveolo-dentine membrane’, or *periodontum, invests the root of the tooth and lines the bony socket. 1881 T. E. Satterthwaite Man. Histol. viii. 108 The development of the cement takes place precisely as bone is produced, viz., from the periosteum, or..from the fibrous tissue of the tooth-sac, the periodontium. 1922 K. H. Thoma Oral Roentgenol. (ed. 2) iv. 196 Periodontium, the pericementum and all investing structures of the teeth. 1927 O. E. Inglis Burchard's Text-bk. Dental Path. & Therapeutics (ed. 7) xvi. 536 All those tissues which invest the teeth including the pericementum.., the alveolar process and the gingivae, particularly the marginal and cemental gingivae are now generally understood as included in the term periodontium. 1940 H. K. Box Twelve Periodontal Studies ii. 29 In 1920, the writer first used the term ‘periodontium’ to designate the supporting tissues of the teeth, and to embrace as the three essential tissue-components, the gingivae, the periodontal membrane, and alveolar process. As the word ‘periodontium’ was occasionally used to denote the periodontal membrane, it was felt that the usage of the term in this new sense would make for exactness in terminology. 1969 Gloss. Terms Dentistry (B.S.I.) 67 Periodontium, the collective term for the tissues immediately surrounding the teeth. |
| 1897 Allbutt's Syst. Med. III. 369 *Periœsophageal abscess. 1900 E. R. Lankester's Treat. Zool. iii. viii. 22 A perioesophageal sinus..is completely..separated from [the body cavity]. |
| 1889 J. M. Duncan Clin. Lect. Dis. Wom. (ed. 4) 214 The abscess is *peri-oophoric. |
| Ibid. 180 Liability to oophoritis and to *peri-oophoritis. |
| 1886 Tristram in Ibis Ser. v. IV. 42 The white *periophthalmic line reaching to the forehead. |
| 1691 Ray Creation ii. (1692) 36 The nictating Membrane or *Periophthalmium. |
| 1893 Syd. Soc. Lex., *Perioral, surrounding the mouth. 1896 Cambridge Nat. Hist. II. 298 In the peri-oral region of Spatangus purpureus. |
| 1893 Syd. Soc. Lex., *Periorbital membrane. |
| 1875 H. Walton Dis. Eye 50 *Periorbitis is meant to include inflammation of the orbital bones, and of their investing periosteum. |
| 1890 Billings Nat. Med. Dict. II. 314 *Periorchitis.., inflammation of the tunica vaginalis testis. |
| 1899 Allbutt's Syst. Med. VI. 881 External spinal pachymeningitis..is also designated ‘*peripachymeningitis’. |
| 1897 Ibid. IV. 265 Inflammation, which becomes extended to the *peripancreatic tissue. 1893 Syd. Soc. Lex., *Peripapillary, situated round the optic papilla. |
| 1890 Billings Nat. Med. Dict. II. 314 *Peripenial muscle. |
| 1856 Henslow Dict. Bot. Terms, *Peripetalous. 1857 Mayne Expos. Lex., Peripetalus,..applied by Mirbel to nectaries which surround the corol or the petals..: peripetalous. 1877 Huxley Anat. Inv. Anim. ix. 574 Others surround the outer extremities of the petaloid ambulacra, and are termed peripetalous. |
| Ibid. x. 602 A ciliated *peripharyngeal band. |
| 1896 Allbutt's Syst. Med. I. 609 A *periphlebitic abscess. |
| 1879 Bumstead Ven. Dis. 765 Schüppel has described..syphilitic *periphlebitis. |
| 1893 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 18 Feb. 346/1 *Peripleuritis is applied to an affection whose chief feature is suppurative cellulitis of the thoracic wall. It is not necessarily confined to the neighbourhood of the pleuræ. |
| 1860 Sir H. Thompson Dis. Prostate (1868) 59 Deep perineal or *periprostatic [abscesses]. |
| 1897 Allbutt's Syst. Med. III. 953 The *perirectal connective tissue. |
| Ibid. 674 The *perirenal fat..normally tends somewhat in the same direction. |
| Ibid. 574 *Perisplenic abscess..described in connection with malaria. |
| 1899 Ibid. VI. 267 The most diagnostic value attaches..to a *perisplenitic friction rub. |
| 1880 A. Flint Princ. Med. 590 *Perisplenitis signifies a local peritonitis about the spleen. |
| 1876 tr. Wagner's Gen. Pathol. (ed. 6) 150 Broad canals clothed with endothelium (or *perithelium), in the axis of which are found the blood vessels. 1878 *Perithoracic [see peribranchial above]. |
| 1876 tr. von Ziemssen's Cycl. Med. VI. 914 *Peritonsillar, or retrotonsillar abscess. |
| 1897 Allbutt's Syst. Med. IV. 752 Connection between acute lacunar tonsillitis, *peritonsillitis and acute rheumatism. |
| 1899 Cambridge Nat. Hist. VI. 332 *Peritracheal spaces in which run tracheae. |
| 1899 Cheyne & Burghard Surgical Treatment ii. x. 171 *Peri-ungual onychia. |
| 1900 Dorland Med. Dict. 496/1 *Periureteric, about the ureter. 1962 Lancet 6 Jan. 31/2 The causes of hydronephrosis included prostatic hypertrophy, bladderneck obstruction, periureteric fibrosis, and aberrant renal vessels. |
| 1874 Van Buren Dis. Genit. Org. 79 *Peri-urethral abscess. |
| Ibid. 78 *Peri-urethritis. |
| 1872 T. G. Thomas Dis. Women (ed. 3) 64 *Peri-uterine cellulitis or pelvic peritonitis. |
| 1873 A. Flint Nerv. Syst. i. 56 The blood vessels here [in the cerebro-spinal centres] are surrounded by what have been called *perivascular canals. 1879 St. George's Hosp. Rep. IX. 149 The brain small,..the ventricles and perivascular canals increased in size. |
| 1898 Allbutt's Syst. Med. V. 796 An aspiratory *periventricular effect caused by the adhesions. |
| 1876 Gross Dis. Bladder 262 Inflammation of the *perivesical and periprostatic, connective and vascular tissues. |
| 1867 J. Hogg Microsc. ii. ii. 370 In the *perivisceral cavity of the earth⁓worm. |
| 1898 Allbutt's Syst. Med. V. 1036 The *perivisceritis of Huchard. |
| 1890 Quain's Anat. (ed. 10) I. i. 10 Half of the germinal vesicle is extruded into the *perivitelline space. |
| 1887 Garnsey & Balfour tr. Goebel's (1877) Outlines 19 The two cells..grow..alongside of one another to the normal size of auxospores, and on their outer surface..appears a membrane of cellulose, the *perizonium. |
† 2. In
Crystallography, used (
orig. in
Fr., by Haüy) to form
adjs. applied to prisms derived from primary four-sided prisms, whose faces are increased to the number indicated by the names, by the development of secondary facets on their edges: as
peridecahedral,
peri-dodecahedral,
peri-hexahedral,
peri-octahedral; so
peripolygonal; also
periorthogonous: see
quots. Obs.| 1805–17 R. Jameson Char. Min. (ed. 3) 198 Peri-hexahedral, peri-octahedral, peri-decahedral, and peri-dodecahedral, when the primitive four-sided prism is changed by means of decrements into a six, eight, ten or twelve sided prism. Ibid. 207 Peri-polygonal (F. peri-polygone), when the prism has a great number of lateral planes, such as the peri-polygonal tourmaline. 1857 Mayne Expos. Lex., Peri⁓orthogonus, applied by Haüy to a variety of which the primitive form, which is a rhomboidal prism, changes into a rectangular prism by the effect of decreases: periorthogonous. |