lungwort
(ˈlʌŋwɜːt)
For forms see lung and wort.
[OE. lungenwyrt, f. lungen lung + wyrt wort.]
The English name of various plants.
† 1. Hieracium murorum, also called French lungwort, golden lungwort. Obs.
| c 1000 Sax. Leechd. II. 92 Nim..lungenwyrt seo biþ ᵹeolu ufeweard. 1597 [see French a. 5]. 1670 [see golden a. 10 b]. 1796 [see French a. 5]. |
† 2. Black Hellebore. Helleborus niger. Obs.
| c 1265 Voc. Plants in Wr.-Wülcker 557/27 Eleborum, ellebre, lungwurt. a 1400–50 Stockh. Med. MS. 184 Long⁓wourt or pelethre of Spanye (Eleborus). c 1450 Voc. in Wr.-Wülcker 580/2 Eleborus niger, longwort. 1611 Cotgr., Obre, Bastard blacke Hellebore, Lungwort, Christs-wort. |
3. The boraginaceous plant Pulmonaria officinalis (Common Lungwort), having leaves with white spots, fancied to resemble the spots in a diseased lung.
| 1538 Elyot Dict., Pulmonaria, an herbe callyd Lung⁓worte. 1577 B. Googe Heresbach's Husb. (1586) 134 Take a handfull of beasts Loongwoort, a handfull of other Loongwoort that serueth for the pot. 1688 R. Holme Armoury ii. 85/2 Lungwort, a kind of Moss, with broad tough leaves,..spotted on the upper side. 1787 tr. Linnæus' Fam. Plants I. 100 Pulmonaria (Lung-wort). 1861 Miss Pratt Flower. Pl. IV. 31. 1882 G. Allen Colours Flowers ii. 49 The lung⁓wort (Pulmonaria officinalis) is also dark blue. |
b. With qualification applied to plants of the allied American genus Mertensia.
| 1856 Delamer Fl. Gard. (1861) 88 Mertensia Sibirica, the Siberian Lungwort, removed by modern botanists from the genus Pulmonaria,..is also sometimes styled Forget-me-not. 1866 Treas. Bot., Lungwort, smooth. Mertensia. |
† 4. The Great Mullein, Verbascum Thapsus; called also bullock's lungwort, clown's lungwort, cow's lungwort (see these ns.). Obs.
| 1538 Turner Libellus, Longwort, Verbascum. 1578 Lyte Dodoens i. lxxxi. 120 Mulleyn is called in..English also..Longworte. 1601 Holland Pliny II. 246 Mvllen or Lung⁓wort with the yellow golden floure. 1607 Topsell Four-f. Beasts (1658) 477 If it come from the sickness of the Lungs, then the herb called Lungwort or Creswort, is the most present remedy in the World. 1706 Phillips (ed. Kersey), Candelaria, the Herb Wooll-blade, Torchherb, Long-Wort, or Mullein. |
5. A species of lichen (Sticta pulmonacea or pulmonaria), otherwise known as Lungs of Oak (see lung 5) and Tree Lungwort (see tree).
| 1578 Lyte Dodoens iii. lxxi. 412 The seconde kinde [of Moss] groweth also about trees, the whiche is called Lung⁓wurt. 1579 Langham Gard. Health (1633) 374 Lvngwort of the Oke..is good for the inflammations & ulcers of the lungs. 1756 Watson in Phil. Trans. XLIX. 857 Lichen pulmonarius arboreus sive Pulmonaria arborea,..Lung⁓wort, Oak Lungs. 1785 Martyn Rousseau's Bot. xxxii. (1794) 498 Lungwort or Tree Lichen, which hangs from old Oaks, and beeches in woods, has very large jagged leaves, smooth and ending obtusely. 1861 H. Macmillan Footnotes fr. Page Nat. 106 The lung-wort (Sticta pulmonaria)..grows..on trees and rocks in sub-alpine woods. |
† 6. Angelica, Archangelica officinalis. Obs.
[The form lungwort does not occur in this sense, and the ambiguous spelling longwort perh. indicates a distinct word, f. long a. But angelica was in fact used in ailments of the lungs.]
| 1552 Elyot Dict. s.v. Angelica, Of this herbe be two kindes, one of the gardeyne..an other wilde, named linge worte or longe wurt. 1565 Cooper Thesaurus, Angelica, an hearbe whereof be two kindes, one of the garden called angelica or imperial, the other wilde: named lingwourt or longewourt. 1706 Phillips (ed. Kersey), Long-wort or Angelica, an Herb. 1731 Bailey vol. II, Long-wort. |
† 7. Toothwort, Lathræa Squamaria. (Also clown's lungwort.) Obs.
| 1597 Gerarde Herbal iii. clxiii. 1387 Of great Toothwoorth, or Clownes Lungwoort. 1 Dentaria maior Mathioli. Great toothwoort, or Lungwoort. 2 Dentaria minor. Little Lungwoort. Ibid. 1388 Our countrey women do call it [Dentaria] Lungwoort, and do vse it against the cough and all other imperfections of the lungs. |