▪ I. render, n.1
(ˈrɛndə(r))
[f. rend v.1 + -er1.]
One who rends or tears. (Cf. lath-render.)
| 1586 A. Day Eng. Secretary ii. (1595) 92 Whie doe you thus vngratefullie..become..wretched renders and tearers of your mothers bowels? 1634 Canne Necess. Separ. (1849) 92 The most part of Israel judged them to be renders of the unity of the kirk. 1660 Gauden Brownrig 240 Our renders will needs be our reformers and repairers. |
▪ II. render, n.2
(ˈrɛndə(r))
Also 4 rendre, 8 Sc. rander.
[f. render v.]
† 1. A lesson, repetition. Obs. rare—1.
| c 1325 in Rel. Ant. I. 292 Qwan i kan mi lesson [to] mi meyster wil i gon, That heres me mi rendre. |
† 2. The act of rendering up, or making over to another; surrender (of a person or place). Obs.
In the Digby Myst. (1882) iv. 301 sure render is prob. a mistake for surrender.
| 1548 Gest Pr. Masse in H. G. Dugdale Life (1840) App. i. 98, I meane the applyall and render of the benefyghtes of Christis deth and resurrection. c 1600 Shakes. Sonn. cxxv, Take thou my oblacion, poore but free, Which..knows no art But mutuall render, onely mee for thee. 1611 Speed Hist. Gt. Brit. ix. xii. §107. 580/2 Hee also tooke sundry places of speciall importance, some by render, some by assault. 1650 R. Stapylton Strada's Low C. Warres viii. 2 The enemies conquest was followed with the present surrender of Middelburg... By which Render Mondragonio gained such honour as we seldome read parallelled. c 1670 Hobbes Dial. Com. Laws (1681) 65 If any Man would render himself to the Judgment of the King, where the King hath committed all his power judicial to another, such a render should be to no effect. |
3. Law. a. (Usu. grant and render: cf. the vb. 3 b.) A return made by the cognizee to the cognizor in a fine; a conveyance of this nature.
For legal details see esp. Cruise Digest (1818) V. 107 ff.
| [1581 Kitchin Le Covrte Leete, etc. 153 Fine sur graunt & render, per que le conisee graunt & render al conisour les terres en taile.] 1594 West 2nd Pt. Symbol. §52 A Tenant for life may not without danger to lose his estate, be cognisor in a fine upon grant and render. 1628 Coke On Litt. 353 Here it is proved by Littleton, that the grant and render..is not void. 1651 tr. Sir J. Davies' Abridg. Reports ii. 41 A fine with grant and render implies a consideration in it selfe. 1727–38 Chambers Cycl. s.v., A fine with render is that whereby something is rendered back again by the cognisee to the cognisor. 1773 Salkeld Reports s.v. Fines 3 G, Fine and Render is a conveyance at Common Law and the Render makes the Conusor a new Purchaser. 1818 Cruise Digest (ed. 2) V. 108 In a fine of this sort, the render must be made of the lands demanded in the original writ, or of something issuing out of those lands. |
b. A return in money or kind, or in some service, made by a tenant to the superior.
| 1647 N. Bacon Disc. Govt. Eng. i. xxxi. (1739) 47 With a render of rent, which in those days was of Corn or other Victual. 1765 Blackstone Comm. I. 221 It is frequent in domesday-book, after specifying the rent due to the crown, to add likewise the quantity of gold or other renders reserved to the queen. 1766 Ibid. II. 290 This render..in socage..usually consists of money, though it may consist of services still, or of any other certain profit. 1848 Petrie tr. A.-S. Chron. 458/2 They swore..that they would..make such renders from the land as had been done before to any other King. 1897 Maitland Domesday & Beyond 169 Payments in money and renders in kind. |
† c. in render: (see quot. 1607). Obs.
| 1607 Cowell Interpr. s.v. Render, Also there be certaine things in a maner..that lie in Render, that is, must be deliuered or answered by the Tenent, as rents, reliefes, heriots, and other seruices. 1741 T. Robinson Gavelkind i. 3 All Socage Services whatever which lie in Render. 1742 Viner Abridgment XIV. 136 If a Thing which lies in Render be granted to another and his Heirs annually, the Non-Payment of it in one Year shall not be any Discharge. |
d. The act of performing a service.
| 1832 Austin Jurispr. (1879) I. vi. 325 If each of us promise the other to render the other a service, but the render of either of the services is not made to depend on the render of the other. |
† 4. The act of rendering an account, statement, etc.; an account of expenses. Obs.
| 1611 Shakes. Cymb. iv. iv. 11 Newnesse Of Clotens death..may driue vs to a render Where we haue liu'd. Ibid. v. iv. 17 If of my Freedome 'tis the maine part, take No stricter render of me, then my All. a 1734 North Lives (1826) III. 177 At the young lord's full age the books themselves, in which stood every farthing accountable in proper place, were exhibited for a render of his accounts. 1768 Ross Helenore 113 The squire ordain'd nae rander to be kept. |
5. The first coat of plaster or the like applied to a brick or stone surface.
| 1833 Loudon Encycl. Archit. 221 One hundred and fifty yards of render and set. 1858 Skyring's Builders' Prices 80 Rough render in cement and sand, per yard. |
▪ III. render, v.
(ˈrɛndə(r))
Also 4–8 rendre, 6–7 Sc. rendir, ran(n)der.
[a. OF. rendre:—pop. Lat. *rendĕre (also found in med.L.) an alteration, on anal. of prendĕre, of class.L. reddĕre to give back, f. red- re- + dare to give.]
I. † 1. trans. To repeat (something learned); to say over, recite; ? to commit to memory. Obs.
In quot. 1362 the reading rendred is supported by the alliteration and the later versions: cf. also A. ix. 82.
| c 1325 in Rel. Ant. I. 292, I donke upon David til mi tonge talmes; I ne rendrede nowt, sithen men beren palmes. 1362 Langl. P. Pl. A. v. 125, I drouȝ me a-mong þis drapers my Donet to leorne..Among þis Riche Rayes lernde I [v.r. I rendrit] a Lessun. 1393 Ibid. C. xviii. 322 Til þei couþe speke and spelle..Recorden hit and rendren hit. c 1400 Rom. Rose 4800 It is so writen in my thought,..That all by herte I can it render. 1530 Palsgr. 685/2, I rendre my lesson, as a chylde dothe. 1560 Rolland Crt. Venus i. 48 With orisounis..I randerit ouir to God Omnipotent. 1565 Cooper Thesaurus, Decantare,..to render or repete. |
† b. With out: To relate, narrate. Obs. rare—1.
| c 1400 Beryn 450 Kit be-gan to rendir out al thing as it was. |
2. To give in return, to make return of. Now somewhat rare.
| c 1477 Caxton Jason 18 He salwed her and she rendrid to him his salewe. 1484 ― Fables of æsop v. iv, Men ought not to rendre euylle for good. 1509 Hawes Past. Pleas. xi. (Percy Soc.) 46 In thy youth the scyence engender That in thyne age it may the worship render. a 1548 Hall Chron., Hen. VIII 171 b, He sheweth himself ingrate and vngentle, and for kyndnes rendereth vnkyndnes. 1582 Stanyhurst æneis ii. (Arb.) 54 Scant sayd I theese speeches, when woords to me dolful he rendred. 1612 T. Taylor Comm. Titus i. 8 It is iust with God (saith Paul) to render tribulation to those that afflict his Saints. 1671 Milton Samson 1232 Can my ears unus'd Hear these dishonours, and not render death? 1715 Pope Iliad ii. 423 Till Helen's woes at full reveng'd appear, And Troy's proud matrons render tear for tear. 1784 Cowper Task vi. 959 Receiving benefits and rendering none. 1875 Jowett Plato (ed. 2) III. 15 Ought we to render evil for evil at all..? |
b. To return (thanks).
| 1484 Caxton Fables of æsop iii. i, Al maner of folke ought to rendre and gyue thankynges..to theyr good doers. a 1533 Ld. Berners Huon lxii. 218, I can not render thankes to your holynes for y⊇ good that ye haue done to vs. 1552 Bk. Com. Prayer, Morn. Prayer, To rendre thankes for the greate benefytes that we haue receyued at his handes. 1600 Shakes. A.Y.L. ii. v. 29 Me thinkes I haue giuen him a penie, and he renders me the beggerly thankes. 1667 Milton P.L. viii. 6 What thanks sufficient, or what recompence Equal have I to render thee? 1730 A. Gordon Maffei's Amphith. 127 The rendering Thanks for the Victory. 1852 Tennyson Ode Wellington 48 Render thanks to the Giver. |
† c. To recompense, requite. Obs. rare.
| 1560 Bible (Genev.) Judg. ix. 56 Thus God rendred the wickednes of Abimelech..in slaying his seventy brethren. |
† d. absol. To make return or recompense. Obs.
| 1560 Bible (Genev.) Job xxxiv. 11 For he wil rendre vnto man according to his worke. |
3. To give († or hand) back, to restore. Also with again or back.
| 1513 Douglas æneis xii. Prol. 92 Rendryng..the gers pilis thar hycht Als far as catal..Had in thar pastur eyt and knyp away. a 1533 Ld. Berners Huon lix. 203, I render agayne to you all your londes. 1582 N. T. (Rhem.) Luke iv. 20 When he had folded the booke, he rendred it to the minister. 1611 Beaum. & Fl. King & No K. iii. ii, I beseech your Lordship to render me my knife again. 1667 Milton P.L. x. 749 Desirous to resigne, and render back All I receav'd. 1791 Cowper Iliad iii. 347 Then Troy shall render back what she detains. 1879 R. T. Smith Basil the Great viii. 99 The Lord..rendering back to man again the grace which he..had lost. |
| absol. 1562 A. Scott Poems (S.T.S.) i. 146 Reddie ressauaris, bot to rander nocht. |
b. Law (usu. grant and render). Of a cognizee: To make over as a return to the cognizor in a fine. (Cf. the n. 3 a.)
| 1594 West 2nd Pt. Symbol. §58 None can take by the first estate granted or rendred by a fine, but some of the parties named in the writ. 1607 Cowell Interpr. s.v. Render, A fine is either single, by which nothing is graunted, or rendred backe againe by the Cognizee, to the Cognizour: or double. 1653 tr. Kitchin's Courts Leet, etc. (ed. 2) 299 A Fine upon grant and render, by which the Conisee grants and renders to the Conisor, the Lands in taile. 1766 Blackstone Comm. II. xxi. 354 The cognizee, after the right is acknowledged to be in him, grants back again, or renders to the cognizor..some other estate in the premises. 1818 Cruise Digest V. 261 They by the same fine granted and rendered the same lands to the use of the said I.S. |
c. To give back, return (a sound, image, etc.) by reflection or repercussion. Also with back.
| a 1600 Montgomerie Misc. Poems viii. 30 The roches rings, and rendirs me my cryis. 1606 Shakes. Tr. & Cr. iii. iii. 122 Who..like a gate of steele, Fronting the sunne, receiues and renders backe His figure, and his heate. 1697 Dryden Virg. Georg. iv. 69 Hollow Rocks that render back the Sound, And doubled Images of Voice rebound. 1822 Shelley When the lamp is shattered ii, The heart's echoes render No song when the spirit is mute. |
| fig. 1596 Shakes. 1 Hen. IV, iii. ii. 82 [They] rendred such aspect As Cloudie men vse to doe to their aduersaries. |
4. To reproduce or represent, esp. by artistic means, to depict.
| 1599 Shakes. Hen. V, i. i. 44 List his discourse of Warre; and you shall heare A fearefull Battaile rendred you in Musique. 1762–71 H. Walpole Vertue's Anecd. Paint. (1786) IV. 195 Devoid of imagination..he could render nothing but what he saw before his eyes. 1859 Tennyson Elaine 797 The strange-statued gate Where Arthur's wars were render'd mystically. 1870 Max Müller Sc. Relig. (1873) 276 A name that should approximately or metaphorically render at least one of its most prominent features. 1885 Truth 28 May 848/2 The spray is rendered with much lightness and delicacy. |
b. To play or perform (music).
| a 1676 Hale Prim. Orig. Man. (1677) 66 As the Organ or Pipe renders the Tune which it understands not. 1777 Sir W. Jones Ess. Imit. Arts Poems, etc. 198 Some intervals, which cannot easily be rendered on our instruments. 1867 Freeman in Stephens Life & Lett. (1895) I. 381 The services were magnificently done—‘rendered’ I suppose I should say. 1893 Daily News 25 May 5/3 The band and muffled drums rendering the Dead March in ‘Saul’. |
† 5. To represent or describe (a person or thing) as being of a certain character or in a certain state; to give or make (one) out to be. Obs.
| 1600 Shakes. A.Y.L. iv. iii. 123 O, I haue heard him speake of that same brother, And he did render him the most vnnaturall That liu'd amongst men. 1601 ― All's Well i. iii. 236 There is a remedie..To cure the desperate languishings whereof The King is render'd lost. 1641 Vind. Smectymnuus Pref., He endeavours to render us to the Reader as destitute of all learning. 1705 in Pennsylv. Hist. Soc. Mem. X. 81 He has taken the liberty to render thy keeping a coach..to be not at all with the appearance of a Quaker. 1726 Col. Rec. Pennsylv. III. 255 That to do right is not so difficult a Task as some would render it. |
† b. To show, demonstrate. Obs. rare—1.
| 1678 Bunyan Pilgr. i. 205 Thou..hast such an opinion of thyself, and of what thou doest, as plainly renders thee to be one that did never see a necessity [etc.]. |
6. To reproduce or express in another language, to translate. Also const. into.
| 1610 T. Lorkin in Ellis Orig. Lett. Ser. ii. III. 221 Two other houres he spends in French; one in reading, the other in rendring to his teacher some part of a Latine author by word of mouth. 1631 R. Byfield Doctr. Sabb. 102 That place in Exo. 23. 12{ddd}is abusively rendred by you. 1661 Boyle Style of Script. (1675) 10 A skilful interpreter may happily enough render into his own language a great part of what he translates. 1724 A. Collins Gr. Chr. Relig. 212 He..takes them from the Hebrew,..and not as the Septuagint has rendered it. 1798 Ferriar Illustr. Sterne i. 13 The oldest [edition] which remains was rendered into ‘beau langage’. 1855 Pusey Doctr. Real Presence Note S. 338, I have rendered the whole [inscription] without doubt, as addressed to the Christian. 1875 Jowett Plato (ed. 2) I. 3 The word has been rendered in different places either Temperance or Wisdom. |
b. To make out, succeed in reading. rare—1.
| 1864 E. Dickinson Lett. (1894) II. 311 Can you render my pencil? The physician has taken away my pen. |
II. 7. To hand over, deliver, commend, or commit, to another; to give, in various senses, † to grant, concede.
| c 1375 Sc. Leg. Saints xxx. (Theodora) 406 Þat scho mycht þare resawit be, & tak þe habyt, &..rendryt be to þame as bruthyre. 1547–64 Bauldwin Mor. Philos. (Palfr.) 104 b, By pacience we are rendred unto god and proved amongest men. 1596 Shakes. Merch. V. iii. iv. 49 Take this same letter, And..see thou render this Into my cosin's hand. 1607 ― Cor. i. ix. 34 Of all the treasure in this field atcheiued..We render you the Tenth. 1616 Chapman Homer's Hymn Apollo 117 To render the effect Of mens demands to them, before they fall. 1671 Milton P.R. iii. 369 It shall be my task To render thee the Parthian at dispose. 1766 Blackstone Comm. II. 450 The contract of sale shall not bind him so as that he shall render the price. 1826 Kirby & Sp. Entomol. xl. IV. 101 Organs that secrete the gastric juice and render it to the stomach. 1859 Tennyson Geraint 452 Affirming that his father left him gold..which was not render'd to him. |
| absol. 1606 Shakes. Tr. & Cr. iv. v. 36 In kissing doe you render, or receiue? Patr. Both take and giue. |
| transf. 1670–98 R. Lassels Voy. Italy II. 31 These stairs render you up at the Great Hall. |
8. To give up, surrender, resign, relinquish. Also with up.
| c 1400 Destr. Troy 13069 Then prinses..Saydon Orestes be right shuld render his londes, And be exilede. 1494 Fabyan Chron. vi. ccxvii. 236 Accordynge to his othe, he shulde render the lande, or delyuer it vnto the possessyon of William. 1523 Ld. Berners Froiss. I. ccxii. 258 The frenche kynge..shall rendre and delyuer to the sayde kynge of Englande..the honours, regalities, obeisaunce, homages [etc.]. 1567 Gude & Godlie B. (S.T.S.) 162 My spreit I rander in thy handis, Eternal God of veritie. 1590 Shakes. Mids. N. ii. i. 185 Ile make her render vp her Page to me. 1606 ― Ant. & Cl. iv. xiv. 33 She rendred life, Thy name so buried in her. 1673 S' too him Bayes 29, I render my cause, as the sword-men would have it. 1697 Dryden Virg. Georg. iii. 744 The thriven Calves..render their sweet Souls before the plenteous Rack. 1703 Rowe Ulysses iv. i, I have learnt to hold My Life from none, but from the Gods who gave it, Nor mean to render it on any Terms. 1820 Shelley Liberty xiv, Tomb of Arminius! render up thy dead. 1868 Geo. Eliot Sp. Gipsy v. 350 Her Queen Mounted the steps again and took her place, Which Juan rendered silently. 1875 Jowett Plato (ed. 2) I. 216 To this royal or political art all the arts..seemed to render up the supremacy. |
b. esp. To surrender (a stronghold, town, etc.) to the enemy.
| 1481 Caxton Godfrey cxliii. 214 They alle shold..bere with them suche goodes as they had, and rendre and gyue ouer the dongeon. a 1548 Hall Chron., Hen. VIII 84 There was a mutteryng that the toune of Caleys should be rendred into the Frenche kinges handes. 1560 J. Daus tr. Sleidane's Comm. 90 When the toune was ones rendred, the Byshop of Rome, Clement, chopped of the heades of certen of the Senatours. 1606 Shakes. Ant. & Cl. iii. x. 33 To Cæsar will I render My legions and my Horse. 1662 J. Davies tr. Mandelslo's Trav. 96 After he had held out six dayes, he was forc't to render it and himself up at mercy. 1759 Hist. War in Ann. Reg. 42/2 The capital of French America was rendered to the English, after a most severe campaign. 1823 Byron Juan viii. lxxxvii, The city's taken, but not render'd! 1865 Trench Gustavus Adolphus ii. 79 In the city rendered by compact, and not taken by storm. |
c. refl. To give (oneself) up; to surrender.
| 1549 Compl. Scot. xiv. 113 Sa mony castellis and tounis quhilkis hed randrit them be trason to Annibal. 1602 Shakes. Ham. i. v. 4 My hower is almost come, When I to sulphurous and tormenting Flames Must render vp my selfe. a 1671 Ld. Fairfax Mem. (1699) 33, I thought it not fit now..to bid the rest to render themselves to me. 1702 Lond. Gaz. No. 3885/1 Such Seamen..who..shall Render themselves.., shall not be Prosecuted before a Court Marshal. 1752 J. Louthian Form of Process (ed. 2) 179 Those that are in default till the Exigent in Treason, tho' they render themselves to Justice, forfeit their Chattels. 1821 Shelley Hellas 386 Then said the Pacha, ‘Slaves, Render yourselves—they have abandoned you’. 1863 A. E. Challice Heroes, etc. Louis XVI, II. 247 Lord Cornwallis and his army rendered themselves prisoners of War. |
† d. intr. = prec. Obs.
| 1523 St. Papers Hen. VIII, VI. 213 They renderyd be such appoinctement, that they went in ther schyrtes with stykkes in ther handes. 1589 Late Voy. Sp. & Port. (1881) 85 Upon the first Fire thereof he rendered, and compounded to goe away with his baggage and Armes. 1632 Lithgow Trav. ii. 60 The passengers gaue counsell, rather to render, then fight. 1688 Shadwell Sqr. Alsatia iv. i, I am ready to render on Discretion. |
† 9. To send forth properly provided. Obs.—1
| 1390 Gower Conf. III. 314 Al only at his oghne cost Sche schal be rendred forth with hire. |
† b. To give out, emit, discharge. Obs.
| 1481 Caxton Godfrey clxxii. 254 Without the toun..ben founden somme fontaynes, but they be but fewe and they rendre but lytil water. 1483 ― G. de la Tour H iv, Her holy body rendrid holy oyle. c 1500 Melusine 317 They al lamented..& rendred teerys in habundance. 1513 Douglas æneis ix. x. 65 Quhayr as the quhissyll rendris soundis seyr. 1607 Topsell Four-f. Beasts (1658) 80 Although it were a male, yet it did render his urine backward. 1659 J. Leak Waterwks. 16 A Vessell..to receive the Water..and to render it by the Pipe 7. 1705–30 S. Gale in Nichols Bibl. Topogr. Brit. (1790) III. 7 The whole of cedar, which renders a fine fragrancy. |
† c. To bring forth (young). Obs. rare—1.
| 1607 Topsell Four-f. Beasts (1658) 18 In the twelfe moneth after their copulation, they render their foles. |
10. To give (an account, reason, answer, etc.); to submit to, or lay before, another for consideration or approval; also, in mod. use, to send in (an account) to a customer or purchaser.
| 1481 Caxton Myrr. i. v. 22 And there eche rendred his reson of that he had found and lerned. 1548–9 (Mar.) Bk. Com. Prayer, Of Ceremonies, Here be certayne causes rendered, why some of the accustomed Ceremonies be put awaye. 1599 Shakes. Much Ado iv. i. 337, I will challenge him:..By this hand, Claudio shall render me a deere account. 1603 ― Meas. for M. i. iii. 49 Moe reasons for this action At our more leysure, shall I render you. 1651 Hobbes Leviath. iii. xxxiii. 205 There can be rendred no one generall answer for them all. 1662 Stillingfl. Orig. Sacræ iii. ii. §14 To see how well he acquits himself in rendring an account of the Origine of the Universe. 1753 Johnson Diary 3 Apr. in Boswell, When I shall render up, at the last day, an account of the talent committed to me. 1795 Nelson in Nicolas Disp. (1845) II. 76 It is with the greatest pain I have to render so long a list of killed and wounded. 1838–9 F. A. Kemble Resid. Georgia (1863) 42 At the head of each gang [of negroes] is a driver,..who renders an account of each individual slave and his work every evening to the overseer. 1842 Tennyson Morte d'Arthur 74 Thou hast betray'd thy nature and thy name, Not rendering true answer, as beseemed Thy fealty. |
† b. To declare, state. Obs. rare.
| 1611 Shakes. Cymb. ii. iv. 119 Render to me some corporall signe about her More euident then this. Ibid. v. v. 135 My boone is that this Gentleman may render Of whom he had this Ring. |
11. To pay as a rent, tax, or tribute, or other acknowledgement of dependence. (Cf. the n. 3 b.)
| 1526 Tindale Prol. Matt. Wks. (1573) 35/1 The husband-men..would not render to the Lorde of the fruit in due tyme, and therfore [it] was taken from them. 1611 Bible Mark xii. 17 Render to Cesar the things that are Cesars. 1642 tr. Perkins' Prof. Bk. v. §434. 187 If the tenant had been by fealtie and a horse to be rendred yearely. 1727–38 Chambers Cycl. s.v. Render [n.], Other [things] which lie in render, that is, must be rendered or answered by the tenant, as rents, reliefs, heriots, and other services. 1809 Bawdwen Domesday Bk. 317 It is soke, and it is waste, and it renders a pair of spurs. 1874 Green Short Hist. iv. §1. 158 The successors..swore to observe the old fealty and render the old tribute to the English Crown. |
| fig. 1588 Shakes. Tit. A. i. i. 160 My tributarie teares, I render for my Bretherens Obsequies. |
† b. To bring in, yield (a revenue). Obs.—1
| 1687 A. Lovell tr. Thevenot's Trav. i. 16 The Jesuites have a Garden, full of Fruit-trees of all sorts, which render them a considerable Revenue yearly. |
12. To give, pay, exhibit, or show (obedience, honour, attention, etc.); to do (a service).
| 1588 J. Craig in Cath. Tract. (S.T.S.) 249 The honour of God to whilkes al christien men ar oblesed..to rander obedience. 1630 R. Johnson's Kingd. & Commw. 123 Fealty and homage;..which he hath ever since the time of Francis the first, denied to render. 1649 Bp. Reynolds Hosea v. 8 Our mouthes wide opened in rendring honour unto him. 1847 Marryat Childr. N. Forest xvii, I feel indebted to you for the service you have rendered me. 1853 C. Brontë Villette xv, There were personal attentions to be rendered. 1880 L. Stephen Pope iii. 78 Two friends who were to render him some undefined assistance. |
| fig. 1599 Shakes. Much Ado v. iii. 33 And Hymen now with luckier issue speeds, Then this for whom we rendred vp this woe. |
13. refl. To present (oneself), take steps to be at († or in) a certain place. Hence intr. to be present; to hold, obtain (rare).
| 1619 in Eng. & Germ. (Camden) 82 In regard of the great diligence he is to make to render himself in Germany with all speede possible. 1640 tr. Verdere's Rom. of Rom. i. 1 All those Princes..rendred themselves at the Tent of the Emperour Amadis of Greece. 1709 Mrs. Manley Secret Mem. II. 79 Rendring himself at the Garden-gate, by Virtue of his Key, he open'd it. 1754 Franklin Plan of Union Wks. 1887 II. 361 The most distant members..may probably render themselves at Philadelphia in fifteen to twenty days. 1821 Shelley Sel. Lett. (1882) 173 The tocsin of the Convent sounded, and it required all the efforts of the Prioress to prevent the Spouses of God from rendering themselves..to the accustomed signal. 1852 Mrs. Carlyle Lett. II. 166, I rendered myself at Paddington station on Friday morning. 1874 Coues Birds N.W. 374, I believe that some such quality..renders in the whole order. |
† b. trans. in similar use. Obs. rare.
| a 1637 B. Jonson Forest iv, To World viii, What bird or beast..That fled his cage,..wull Render his head in there againe! c 1645 Howell Lett. (1650) I. 89 Every soldier..costing him near upon 100 crowns before he could be rendered in Flanders. |
c. To infuse (a quality) into a thing. rare—1.
| a 1887 R. Jefferies The Open Air (1893) 243, I wonder the painters.. do not sometimes take these scraps of earth and render into them the idea which fills a clod with beauty. |
III. 14. To bring (one) into a state or condition (obs.); also, to cause to be in a certain state. rare.
| 1490 Caxton Eneydos ix. 37 That it maye playse the..to rendre theym from theyr lacyuyte in-to..shamefaste chastyte. 1633 Ford Broken H. iv. i, Quiet These vain unruly passions which will render you Into a madness. a 1676 Hale Prim. Orig. Man. (1677) 67 He is rendred into a capacity, 1. Of knowing Him: 2. Of knowing his Will. 1707 Curios. in Husb. & Gard. 305 Homberg, whose great Capacity..has render'd him in mighty Esteem with all the Learned. 1810 S. Green Reformist I. 137 The visionary schemes of fanaticism rendered the thoughts of Percival in continual terror of all worldly pleasure. |
† b. To present or expose to, to bring under, something. Obs.
| 1642 Fuller Holy & Prof. St. iv. xv. 312 Her private virtues rendring her to the imitation..of all. 1647 N. Bacon Disc. Govt. Eng. i. xxxviii. (1739) 57 Twelve men enquired of the fame and ground thereof; which if liked, rendred the party under the spot of delinquency. a 1661 Fuller Worthies (1840) I. 276 His having a prince's mind imprisoned in a poor man's purse rendered him to the contempt of such who were not ingenuous. |
15. To make, to cause to be or become, of a certain nature, quality, etc. (Cf. make v. 48.)
| 1560 J. Daus tr. Sleidane's Comm. 197 It was ones possessed of Englysh men, but it was rendred Frenche, in the tyme of Charles the first. 1596 Shakes. Merch. V. iii. ii. 88 These assume but valors excrement, To render them redoubted. 1601 ― Jul. C. ii. i. 303 O ye Gods! Render me worthy of this Noble Wife. 1654 H. L'Estrange Chas. I (1655) 146 That [testimony] once rendred in-valid, the Bishop could easily prognosticate his own ruine. 1671 Milton Samson 1282 He..Thir Armories and Magazins contemns, Renders them useless. 1705 Addison Italy 2 The Desarts that haue been render'd so famous by the Penance of Mary Magdalene. 1771 Junius Lett. lxvii. (1788) 340 note, He had a friend..whose advice rendered all their endeavours ineffectual. 1818 Cruise Digest (ed. 2) VI. 357 Cases in which superadded words of limitation may control the word heirs, so as to render them words of purchase. 1844 H. H. Wilson Brit. India III. 66 The total silence..rendered it probable, that the Burmas had not awaited the assault. 1860 Tyndall Glac. ii. xix. 334 The absorbed heat is expended in rendering the substance viscous. 1886 R. C. Leslie Sea-painter's Log 120 The big hybrid screw liners had already rendered H.M.S. Queen an obsolete type. |
| refl. 1652 Howell Giraffi's Rev. Naples ii. 85 The Spaniards also having rendred themselves masters of so many Posts. 1698 Fryer Acc. E. India & P. 271 From a Salvage Prince [he] rendred himself a tame Follower of the Patriarch. |
† b. Const. with as or to be. Obs.
| 1663 Gerbier Counsel 51 The Tiler..renders the Noble mans roof, as a beggars Coate. 1665 J. Webb Stone-Heng (1725) 15 So many Segments..as are taken away, renders the Figure inscribed to be a so-many-sided Figure. 1719 W. Wood Surv. Trade 137 By this means we render Foreign Colonies and Plantations, to be in effect the Colonies and Plantations of Great-Britain. 1796 Morse Amer. Geog. II. 81 The great reformations introduced.., as well as the discoveries made, render former accounts to be but little depended on. |
† 16. To cause, produce (a feeling). Obs. rare—1.
| 1654 tr. Scudery's Curia Pol. 1 This action is of such an..extraordinary nature, as may render astonishment to the..most capeable understandings. |
IV. 17. techn. a. To melt (fat, etc.); to obtain or extract by melting; to clarify. Cf. rend v.2
| c 1375– [see rendered ppl. a.]. 1688 R. Holme Armoury iii. 102/2 Render the Tallow, is to poure it through a Strainer, to keep the Dross from the pure Tallow. 1823 J. Badcock Dom. Amusem. 149 The fat..being rendered, or melted down. 1844 H. Stephens Bk. Farm II. 243 Hog's lard is rendered in exactly the same manner as mutton suet. 1875 Ure's Dict. Arts (ed. 7) III. 453 It is understood that twelve hours suffice to render the oil. |
b. Plastering. To cover (stone or brickwork) with a first coating of plaster. Cf. render-set.
| 1750 Wren's Parentalia 309 St. Andrew's Wardrobe Church..was..built of Brick, but finished or rendered over in imitation of Stone. 1756 in Willis & Clark Cambridge (1886) II. 530 For rendring the walls of the Stair-cases and ceilings of the same. 1826 Gwilt Rudiments Archit. Gloss. s.v., The first of three Coat work upon laths, or on brick work, which has been previously rendered. 1843 Jrnl. R. Agric. Soc. IV. ii. 363 Of outside wall..208 square yards, which must be ‘rendered’ within if built with stone. 1847 Smeaton Builder's Man. 128 Rendering is the first coat upon a naked wall; thus we say, rendered and set... Render, float, and set, is three-coat work. |
c. Naut. (See quots. and rendering vbl. n. 3 b.)
| 1841 R. H. Dana Seaman's Man. 120 Render, to pass a rope through a place. A rope is said to render or not, according as it goes freely through any place. 1867 Smyth Sailor's Word-bk. 568 Any rope, hawser, or cable is ‘rendered’ by easing it round the bitts. Ibid., The rope of a laniard or tackle is said to render when, by pulling upon one part, each other part takes its share of the strain. |