▪ I. reˈverberate, pa. pple. and ppl. a.
[ad. L. reverberāt-us, pa. pple. of reverberāre: see next.]
1. Reverberated. a. As pa. pple.
| 1589 Lodge Scillaes Metam. (Hunterian Cl.) 33 The aire..Which once reuerberate, straight yeelds a noice. 1590 Marlowe 2nd Pt. Tamburl. v. iii, That his tear-thirsty and unquenched hate May be upon himself reverberate. 1626 Bacon Sylva §261 Both of them [visibles and audibles] will be Reverberate; as in Mirrors, and in Echoes. |
b. As adj.
| 1603 Dekker King's Entertainm. Wks. 1873 I. 321 With reuerberate shoutes our Globe shall ring. 1612 Drayton Poly-olb. ix. 58 Such ecchoing shoutes, which..With the reverberate sound the spacious ayre did fill. 1678 Phillips (ed. 4), Reverberatory, a Furnace used by Chymists for the Calcining of their Minerals..by a Reverberate flame. 1867 Swinburne Ess. & Stud. (1875) 160 Steady surges, regular in resonance, not fitful or gusty but antiphonal and reverberate. |
† 2. Reverberating. Obs. rare.
| 1601 Shakes. Twel. N. i. v. 291 Hallow your name to the reuerberate hilles. 1605 B. Jonson Masque of Blackness, Which skill Pithagoras First taught to men, by a reuerberate glasse. |
▪ II. reverberate, v.
(rɪˈvɜːbəreɪt)
[f. L. reverberāt-, ppl. stem of reverberāre, f. re- re- + verberāre to strike, beat. So F. réverbérer, Sp. and Pg. reverberar, It. re-, ri-, rinverberare.]
I. trans.
1. To beat, drive, or force back; to repel, repulse. Now rare or Obs.
| 1547 Boorde Brev. Health ccxcii. 96 b, Reverberate not the cause inwarde with no oyntment. 1611 Coryat Crudities 160 A strong wall to repulse and reuerberate the violence of the furious waves of the sea. 1670 Phil. Trans. V. 1049 The Exhalation from the Bath, reverberated by the Cupola..and by the Capitals of the Pillars, formeth long Stones like Ice-icles. 1771 Smollett Humph. Cl. I. 23 Apr., By the gusts of wind reverberated from the hill. 1782 V. Knox Ess. cxiii. (1819) II. 278 As the billows are reverberated from the rock. |
b. To send back, return, re-echo (a sound or noise). Also fig.
| 1591 Greene Maiden's Dream 326 The groanes are lesse at hels black gate, Then Eccho there did then reuerberate. 1603 Florio Montaigne (1632) 263 The hilles, to heav'n, reverberate their voyce. 1655 Stanley Hist. Philos. (1701) 333/1 Voice is moved and reverberated from smooth Places, as a Ball against a Wall. 1685 Roxb. Ballads (1885) V. 540 Passing..from Sphere to Sphere!.. Which, Hark! reverberates and multiplies the sound! 1774 Beattie Minstr. ii. viii, Oft did the cliffs reverberate the sound. 1807 J. Barlow Columb. v. 812 Hellgate rocks reverberate the war. 1858 Hawthorne Fr. & It. Note-bks. II. 247 The evening gun thundered from the fortress, and was reverberated from the heights. 1863 Cowden Clarke Shaks. Char. xix. 477 There are few whose breasts do not reverberate the exultation of Volumnia. |
c. To cast back, reflect (light, heat, etc.).
| 1638 Sir T. Herbert Trav. 135 Guilded crescents or spires which gallantly reverberate Apollo's yellow flames. 1668 Culpepper & Cole Barthol. Anat. ii. vi. 101 Fleshy Pillars, wherewith the heat is both more easily preserved and reverberated. 1704 Swift Mech. Operat. Spir. Misc. (1711) 293 These,..by reverberating the Heat, prevent the Spirit from evaporating. 1745 P. Thomas Jrnl. Anson's Voy. 86 On which the Sun shining.., its Rays were reverberated as from another Sun. 1821 Shelley Hellas 332 The far flashing of their starry lances Reverberates the dying light of day. 1843 Ruskin Mod. Paint. I. ii. ii. ii. §9. 160 The full glory of a tropical sunset, reverberated from the sea. |
d. To cast back upon something: to force or direct (flame, heat, etc.) back on a thing.
| 1618 T. Gainsford Hist. Perkin Warbeck 53 From a continual melancholy, reuerberating mislike and hate vpon his staggering conceits. 1758 Reid tr. Macquer's Chym. I. 71 This calx further calcined by a moderate fire, the flame being reverberated on it, soon grows white. 1766 Compl. Farmer s.v. Madder 5 H 3/2 It would be of great use to reverberate the steam on malt and madder-roots. |
e. absol. To cause reverberation.
| 1763 Mills Pract. Husb. I. 62 Kilns thus built, swelling at or about the middle, and contracting again at the top, reverberate more strongly..than those which grow wider and wider. |
† 2. Of light or sound: To fall or strike upon (something). Obs. rare.
| 1561 Eden Arte Navig. Pref. ¶¶iij b, His beames reuerberatyng heauen, represente suche a maner of lyght [etc.]. 1598 Sylvester Du Bartas ii. i. iv. Handicrafts 596 How still your voyce with prudent discipline My Prentice ear doth oft reverberate. |
† 3. To beat or strike (a thing) frequently or repeatedly. Obs. rare—1.
| 1599 A. M. tr. Gabelhouer's Bk. Physicke 45/1 Reverberate the same dilligentlye with the Spatula, and it will be the better. |
4. To subject (a substance) to the heat of a reverberatory furnace. Also absol., to employ the process of reverberation.
| 1610 B. Jonson Alch. ii. iii, Sub. Out of that calx, I' ha' wonne the salt of Mercury. Mam. By powring on your rectified water? Sub. Yes, and reuerberating in Athanor. 1646 Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ep. ii. ii. (1686) 49 Steel corroded with Vinegar,..and after reverberated by fire. 1651 French Distill. i. 9 It may be done..By reverberating. 1710 T. Fuller Pharm. Extemp. 367 And then washing it and reverberating it a little. 1712 tr. Pomet's Hist. Drugs I. 109 Take impalpable Powder,..calcine and reverberate twenty-four Hours. |
II. intr.
5. † a. To turn or bend back. rare.
| 1578 Best in Hakluyt Voy. (1600) III. 49 For the perpendicular beames reflect and reuerberate in themselues, so that the heat is doubled, euery beame striking twice. a 1608 Dee Relat. Spir. i. (1659) 356 On the top of this fiery trunk, seemeth the fire to be in form of a fiery Globe,..which fire reverberateth and rolleth in itself. |
b. To recoil upon, to have a respondent effect on, to appeal responsively to, something. rare.
| 1713 Hist. Grand Reb. ii. 227 Thus does the malice, levell'd at the great By fools, upon themselves reverberate. 1797 A. M. Bennett Beggar Girl (1813) I. 119 All the blessings which, under heaven, he conferred on her, reverberated on his own feelings. 1839 De Quincey Recoll. Lakes Wks. 1862 II. 136 The sympathy..by which she made all that one could describe reverberate to one's own feelings, by the manifest impression it made upon hers. |
c. Of material objects: To rebound.
| 1837 W. Irving Capt. Bonneville I. 282 A stone dropped into one of them reverberated against the sides for apparently a very great depth. 1856 Kane Arct. Expl. I. vi. 56 Our rifle-balls reverberated from their hides like cork pellets from a pop-gun target. |
6. To shine or reflect from a surface, etc.
| 1598 Yong Diana 171 Diuers colours, which reuerberated from the flowers. 1686 True Fortune-Teller xli. (ed. 2) 176 The Beams being shott direct, reverberate or are beaten back, making a round Circle or Halen. 1770 Baretti Journ. to Genoa II. 116 The rage of the sun that reverberated from the continued rocks. 1808 Parsons Trav. Asia, etc. iv. 101 The heat of the sun, which reverberated again from the water. |
† b. To shine or glow on (something) with reflected beams. Also fig. Obs.
| c 1645 Howell Lett. (1650) I. 36 You seemed to reverberate upon me with the beams of the sun. 1650 Ibid. II. 116 In regard the rays of Christianity first reverberated upon her. c 1650 Don Bellianis 223 The sun reverberating on them made the city seem of a burning flame. |
7. Of sound: To resound, re-echo.
| 1613 Heywood Silver Age ii. i, Shootes from each side reuerberat gainst heauen. 1725 De Foe Voy. round World (1840) 253 That sound echoed and reverberated from innumerable cavities among the rocks. 1759 Goldsm. Polite Learn. v, They wait till something new comes out from others;..and reject it, or make it reverberate through the rest of Europe. 1813 Byron Giaour 624 The shock, the shout, the groan of war, Reverberate along that vale. 1872 Black Adv. Phaeton xvii. 236 The roar of the stream reverberating through the woods. |
| fig. 1855 Spencer Psychol. I. i. v. (1872) 92 The disturbance of a single nerve-fibre..reverberates throughout the entire nervous system. |
8. Of flames, etc.: To strike upon, to pass over or into, as the result of being forced back.
| 1704 J. Harris Lex. Techn. I. s.v., The Chymists say, Make the Flame Reverberate on the Coppel. 1799 G. Smith Laboratory I. 144 So that the fumes of the coals may reverberate over them. 1894 Harper's Mag. Jan. 420 The flames pass over this bridge, and reverberate into the laboratory, where they act on the charge. |
9. To undergo reverberation. rare.
| 1799 G. Smith Laboratory I. 125 Let them reverberate and calcine in a crucible in a furnace for twenty-four hours. |
Hence reˈverberating vbl. n.
| 1836 Marryat Midsh. Easy (1863) 263 The reverberating of the heavy cannon on both sides over the placid surface of the water. |