▪ I. kino1
(ˈkiːnəʊ)
[app. of W. African origin: cf. Mandingo cano = Gambia kino, the first kind used, called by Fothergill in 1757 (Med. Obs. I.) gummi rubrum astringens Gambiense, in Edinb. Pharmacop. 1774 Gummi Kino, and in London Pharmacop. 1787 Resina Kino.]
1. A substance resembling catechu, usually of a brittle consistence and dark reddish-brown colour, consisting of the inspissated gum or juice of various trees and shrubs of tropical and sub-tropical regions; used in medicine and tanning as an astringent, and also (in India) for dyeing cotton. Sometimes called gum kino.
African or Gambia kino (the kind first known in Europe, but now out of use) is the produce of Pterocarpus erinaceus (family Leguminosæ); Bengal k., of Butea frondosa and B. superba (family Leguminosæ); Botany Bay k. or Australian k., of Eucalyptus resinifera (family Myrtaceæ) and other species; East Indian k., Malabar k., or amboyna k. (the kind most used), of Pterocarpus Marsupium; West Indian k. or Jamaica k., of Coccoloba uvifera (family Polygonaceæ).
| [1738 Stibbs Voy. Gambia 267, I shall now describe the Pau de Sangue, or Blood-wood, so called from a red gum which issues from it; it grows abundantly all up the river..and by the Mandingoes called Cano.] 1788 Lond. Pharmac. (ed. 2) 21 Kino, Kino, Gummi Gambiense. 1811 A. T. Thomson Lond. Disp. (1818) 216 Botany Bay kino is inodorous; tastes bitterish and more austere than the African. 1830 Lindley Nat. Syst. Bot. 91 Gum Kino is the produce of Pterocarpus erinacea. 1852 C. Morfit Tanning & Currying (1853) 69 African Kino,..Asiatic Kino,..American Kino, from a decoction of the fibrous wood of Coccoloba uvifera. The African, which is the most common kind, differs from the rest in coming in small, angular, glittering, black granules. 1879 St. George's Hosp. Rep. IX. 200 After five days' treatment by kino with opium and ipecacuanha. |
b. attrib.
| 1881 Watts Dict. Chem. VIII. 1158 Kino-red yields by dry distillation a small quantity of watery and oily distillate. 1897 Allbutt's Syst. Med. II. 743 Compound kino powder in 10 grain doses is also very useful. |
2. Any of the trees or plants which yield this substance: see above.
| 1876 Harley Mat. Med. (ed. 6) 644 Kino is a lofty tree..native of Ceylon, and the adjacent part of India. 1887 C. A. Moloney Forestry W. Afr. 324 African or Gambia Kino..Tree often 40 to 70 feet high, with a very hard, fine-grained red wood suitable for naval construction, planking, &c. |
Hence kinofluous (kɪˈnɒfluːəs) a. [after mellifluous], ‘exuding kino’ (Cent. Dict.); kiˈnoic a., of or pertaining to kino; kinoin (ˈkiːnəʊɪn), Chem., a crystalline substance (C14H12O6) obtained from East Indian kino; kino-tannic kino-tannic acid, kino-tannin, the varieties of tannic acid and tannin occurring in kino.
| 1853 Pharm. Jrnl. XIII. 79 Hennig calls this substance kinoic acid. 1881 Watts Dict. Chem. VIII. 1158 By repeatedly crystallising..pure colourless crystals of kinoïn are obtained..Kinoïn is anhydrous; it dissolves sparingly in cold water, easily in hot water and in alcohol. 1888 Syd. Soc. Lex., Kinotannic acid, a reddish-brown translucent substance forming some 95 per cent. of kino. 1852 C. Morfit Tanning & Currying (1853) 69 Kino-tannin forms a red mass, and yields no pyrogallic acid in dry distillation. |
▪ II. kino2
variant of keno n. (and int.).