▪ I. † reˈstore, n. Obs.
[f. the vb., perh. after OF. restor, restour, It. ristoro, med.L. restaurum.]
Restoration, restitution.
| c 1450 St. Cuthbert (Surtees) 6122 Seke men of heele had restore. 1590 Spenser F.Q. iii. v. 18 Till he had made amends, and full restore For all the damage which he had him doen afore. 1640 Shirley St. Patrick i. i, Let the first use I make of their restore be To bend my knees to you. 1646 Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ep. 147 Disputes at Law, and contestations concerning a restore of the dowry. |
▪ II. restore, v.1
(rɪˈstɔə(r))
Also 5 restour, -oyre, 6 Sc. -oir.
[a. OF. restorer, = It. ristorare:–L. restaurāre: see restaur v.]
1. trans. To give back, to make return or restitution of (anything previously taken away or lost).
| 1297 R. Glouc. (Rolls) 10287 We esseþ..Þat þou suerie vpe þe bok clanliche to restore Holi chirche þat þou hast him binome. 1338 R. Brunne Chron. (1810) 99 Roberd..bisouht þe kyng Þo fees he fro him nam, restore ageyn þat þing. 1387 Trevisa Higden (Rolls) II. 113 Neuerþeles vnder Kenulph þe kyng it was restored to Caunterbury aȝen. c 1450 St. Cuthbert (Surtees) 5653, I pray, he says, my belt restore. 1484 Caxton Fables of æsop v. ix, Your helthe shalle be restored to yow. 1530 Palsgr. 689/1 He shall restore hym all his goodes agayne. 1560 J. Daus tr. Sleidane's Comm. 11 b, The Spaniards wil hardly at any time restore unto us again this dignitie of thempire. 1634 Milton Comus 607 Ile find him out, And force him to restore his purchase back. 1697 Dryden Virg. Georg. iv. 212 For ev'ry Bloom his Trees in Spring afford, An Autumn Apple was by tale restor'd. 1738 Wesley Hymns, Father of Mercies ii, Their Alms in Blessings on their Head A thousand-fold restore. 1765 Blackstone Comm. I. 56 The law..will make Gaius restore the possession to Titius. 1821 Shelley Adonais iii, Dream not that the amorous Deep Will yet restore him to the vital air. 1841 Elphinstone Hist. Ind. II. 577 To restore all the forts in his possession within that tract. 1884 F. Temple Relat. Relig. & Sci. iv. (1885) 121 The doctrine of Evolution restores to the science of Nature the unity which we should expect in the creation of God. |
| absol. c 1440 Jacob's Well 66 Had I restoryd, as þou tawȝtyst me, I had be sauyd to ioye. 1611 Bible Isa. xlii. 22 They are for a praye, & none deliuereth; for a spoile, and none saith, Restore. |
2. a. To make amends for; to compensate, to make good (loss or damage). Now rare or Obs.
| 13.. K. Alis. 7909 Y geve..everiche knyght a thousand pound, or more, Youre harmes to restore. a 1340 Hampole Psalter cxlvi. 2 Restorand wiþ þaim þe fallynge of aungels. 1390 Gower Conf. II. 186 Bot Crist restoreth thilke lost, And boghte it with his fleissh and blod. c 1460 Play Sacram. 963 Now wylle we walke by Contre & cost owr wyckyd lyuyng for to restore. 1463 in Somerset Med. Wills (1901) 198 Item, that my dettes..or wronges dieuly proued be restored as may be moost to the helth of my soule. a 1533 Ld. Berners Huon lv. 185 Thou to restore all y⊇ domages that thou hast done him. 1596 Dalrymple tr. Leslie's Hist. Scotl. i. 123 His maister receiueng the slane beist, sal restore the skaith to his nychtbour. 1642 Fuller Holy & Prof. St. iii. viii. 170 Time may restore some losses. |
b. To set right, repair (decay, etc.). rare.
| 1567 Satir. Poems Reform. iii. 111 Restoir againe ȝour foule polluted fame. a 1586 Sidney Ps. xxvii. ix, Though fathers care..Abandon'd me, yet my decay Should be restor'd by hym above. 1657 G. Starkey tr. Helmont's Vindic. To Rdr., Yet so in no long time may the Disease be restored. 1820 Shelley Witch Atl. lxx, On the night when they were buried, she Restored the embalmers' ruining. |
3. a. To build up again; to re-erect or reconstruct. Now spec. to repair and alter (a building) so as to bring it as nearly as possible to its original form.
| 1297 R. Glouc. (Rolls) 6508 [He] restorede abbeis, þat destrued were biuore. c 1400 Mandeville (Roxb.) xi. 42 Adrian..reparailed þe citee of Ierusalem and restored þe temple and made it new agayne. 1611 Bible Dan. ix. 25 The commandement to restore and to build Ierusalem. 1667 Milton P.L. xii. 3 Heer the Archangel paus'd Betwixt the world destroy'd and world restor'd. 1776 Gibbon Decl. & F. xx. I. 539 His liberality restored and enriched the temples of the gods. 1820 Miss Mitford in L'Estrange Life (1870) II. v. 115 At Winchester, where they are restoring the cathedral. 1868 A. J. Munby Diary 30 Oct. in D. Hudson Munby (1972) 258 The church..is being ‘restored’, as the phrase is. 1907 G. B. Shaw Major Barbara ii. 244 He is one of the greatest of our public benefactors. He restored the cathedral at Hakington. 1920 W. B. Yeats Michael Robartes & Dancer 24, I, the poet William Yeats, With old mill boards and sea-green slates, And smithy work from the Gort Forge, Restored this tower for my wife George. 1931 J. Betjeman Mt. Zion 18 Look up! and how glorious He has restored the roof! 1959 N. Pevsner Yorkshire: W. Riding 267 The church was restored in 1876 by Pearson. |
| absol. 1861 Ecclesiologist XXII. 311, I could multiply instances in which the French are restoring when they ought to be preserving. |
b. To bring back to the original state; to improve, repair, or retouch (a thing) so as to bring it back to its original condition.
| 1679 Evelyn Cider in Sylva 409 To restore decay'd Liquor; if flat, and vappid from a too free admission of Air. 1764 Foote Mayor of G. 1, As soon as my dress is restored. 1823 J. Badcock Dom. Amusem. 154 M. Thenard, of Paris, succeeded lately in restoring a picture of Raphael d'Urbino. 1861 D. Cook Paul Foster's Daughter i, Imagine, please, that the picture has been ‘restored’. |
c. To reproduce or represent (something ancient, an extinct animal, etc.) in its original form.
| 1771 Charact. in Ann. Reg. 260/2 Mr. Berenger's account of this machine, has, to use the language of the virtuosi, restored a piece of antiquity. 1836 Buckland Geol. & Min. I. 204 The..discovery of skeletons, such as he had conjecturally restored from insulated bones. |
d. (See quot. 1955.)
| 1943 Amer. Speech XVIII. 304/1 Restored cereal. 1955 M. Reifer Dict. New Words 177/2 Restore, v., to give back to a processed food the nutritive value it originally had. |
4. a. To replace (mankind) in a state of grace; to free from the effects of sin.
| a 1300 Cursor M. 1596 Wit his grace..Þat he suld restore man-kind with. Ibid. 19112 Be his fader sitt he sal, Til he restord haf us all. c 1410 Hoccleve Mother of God 87 By thee the world restored is pardee. 1552 Bk. Com. Prayer, Gen. Confession, Restore thou them that be penitent. 1567 Gude & Godlie B. (S.T.S.) 17 We suld to God, giue pryse and gloir, That sched his blude vs to restoir. 1667 Milton P.L. iii. 288 In thee As from a second root shall be restor'd, As many as are restor'd. a 1716 South Serm. (1842) III. lxiv. 431 It ought to be owned for an eminent act of grace to restore one actually fallen. |
| absol. 1903 A. Maclaren Last Leaves 90 We may be the stronger for our sins, not because sin strengthens,..but because God restores. |
b. To reinstate or replace (a person) in a former office, dignity, or estate.
to restore in blood: see blood n. 13.
| c 1450 St. Cuthbert (Surtees) 5309 Of þair bischop, þat lange whyle had bene fra his kirke exile, Þai herde he was restorde. 1503 Rolls of Parlt. VI. 526/1 To haue the said Attayndours reversed, and the same persones so attaynted, to be seuerally restored. 1530 Palsgr. 689/1 His processe was almoste lost, but he is restored agayne. 1594 Parsons Confer. Success ii. vii. 145 As we see that many houses attainted are restored daylie in blood, without restorement of their titles and dignities. 1656 Waller Panegyr. Cromwell 82 Less pleasure take brave minds in battels won, Than in restoring such as are undone. 1817 W. Selwyn Law Nisi Prius (ed. 4) II. 1017 The court refused a mandamus to restore a minister of an endowed dissenting meeting-house. 1851 Hussey Papal Power i. 41 Zozimus, as it seems, restored Apiarius. |
c. To bring (a person or part of the body) back to a healthy or vigorous state. Also refl.
| c 1375 Sc. Leg. Saints Prol. 118 Þai þat tynt had wittis fyffe, Þai restoryt þame allswa. 1382 Wyclif Mark viii. 25 He bigan for to se, and he is restorid, so that he syȝ clerely alle thingis. c 1430 Lydg. Min. Poems (Percy Soc.) 133, I will..seche for my food no more, Ne for vitaile me to restore. c 1440 Alph. Tales lxxxi. 64 Þis aungell tuchyd his fute, & it was restorid agayn. 1530 Palsgr. 689/1 The man is brought very lowe, he had nede to restore hym agayne. 1601 Shakes. All's Well ii. iii. 154 That you are well restor'd my Lord, I'me glad. 1632 J. Hayward tr. Biondi's Eromena 128 Having restored me with fresh egges, and anointed my feete and legges. 1729 T. Cooke Tales, etc. 31 Soon as the Maid was from her Wound restor'd, Her all she yielded to her plighted Lord. 1807 Wordsw. White Doe vii. 158 There may Emily restore Herself, in spots unseen before. 1838 Dickens O. Twist xxxii, The quiet place, the pure air..will restore you in a few days. 1871 B. Taylor Faust (1875) II. i. i. 4 Thou art whole; let faith restore thee! |
| absol. 1694 Salmon Bate's Dispens. (1713) 269/1 It admirably restores in Consumptions, and eases Pains in any Part of the Body, whether inward or outward. |
d. To bring back to mental calm. Now rare.
| 1582 N. Lichefield tr. Castanheda's Conq. E. Ind. i. lxxix. 163 The king..remained so ill contented, that..for a good while after, he could not restore himself. 1617 Moryson Itin. i. 159, I was much astonished at this accident, till I was restored by vnderstanding this happie euent. 1697 Dryden Virg. Georg. iv. 671 Th' unhappy Husband..sought, his mournful Mind with Musick to restore. 1697 ― Past. vii. 55 Come charm thy Shepherd, and restore my Soul. 1867 M. Arnold Switzerland, Ah! calm me, restore me; And dry up my tears. |
5. a. To renew; to set up or bring into existence again; to re-establish, bring back into use, etc.
| a 1300 Cursor M. 1658 Wit þine oxspring..i haue mynt Restore þe werld þat sal be tint. 1377 Langl. P. Pl. B. xi. 253 After that bitter barke..Is a kirnelle of conforte, kynde to restore. c 1400 Destr. Troy 5885 The cuntre-men..restoret the stithe fight stuernly agayn. c 1450 Holland Howlat 658 The stern Empriouris style thus staitly restord is. 1548 Udall, etc. Erasm. Par. Luke 162 The same bodye to bee restored again by the power of god at the resurreccion. 1560 J. Daus tr. Sleidane's Comm. 13 b, He restored Thempire that was ful weak. 1611 Bible 2 Kings xiv. 25 Hee restored the coast of Israel, from the entring of Hamath, vnto the sea of the plaine. 1672–5 T. Comber Comp. Temple (1702) 148 With this..the true Reformed Religion of the Church of England was restored. 1718 Free-thinker No. 90. 249 Being wearied with Change,..They restored the Ancient Form. 1781 Gibbon Decl. & F. xxvii. (1787) III. 68 The loss of armies..ineffectually solicited the successors of Gratian to restore the helmets and cuirasses of the infantry. 1820 Irving Sketch Bk. I. 83 It was with great difficulty that the self-important man in the cocked hat restored order. 1849 Macaulay Hist. Eng. ii. I. 176 To bring in a bill, which..should restore the Star Chamber and the High Commission. |
b. refl. To return to the original position.
| 1656 tr. Hobbes' Elem. Philos. (1839) 211 A body..is said to restore itself, when..the parts which were moved do..return every one into its own place. a 1774 Goldsm. Surv. Exp. Philos. (1776) II. 87 Some have compared the air to watch springs or hoops, which coiled up by pressure, restore themselves again. 1835 Lyell Princ. Geol. (ed. 4) ii. xix. II. 380 The part of the earth that is first raised, being bent from its natural form, will endeavour to restore itself by its elasticity. |
c. To replace or insert (words or letters which are missing or illegible in a text).
| 1855 C. Badham Plato's Philebus 27 note, It is so probable that ση was lost in consequence of its nearness to η, and it seems so necessary for the sense, that I have restored it conjecturally. |
6. a. To bring back (a person or thing) to a previous, original, or normal condition.
| a 1340 Hampole Psalter cl. i, He restorid þaim til his ymage. 1390 Gower Conf. III. 254 The colour, which erst was pale, To Beaute thanne was restored. c 1440 Lydg. Hors, Shepe & G. 389 It..Dede synnewis restorith a-geyn to live. 1515 Barclay Egloges iii. (1570) C j b/2 Then his olde fauour did them agayne restore To greater pleasour. a 1548 Hall Chron., Hen. VII, 34 b, In conclusion,..the kynge..restored them to their libertie. 1624 Ussher in Lett. Lit. Men (Camden) 131 When it shall please God to restore me to my health. 1686 tr. Chardin's Trav. Persia 130 My Comrade, whom I found restoring to order the confusion which those Robbers had made. 1727–38 Chambers Cycl. s.v. Revivification, Resuscitation, in chemistry, [is] the art of restoring a mixed body to its first state. 1771 Encycl. Brit. II. 479/1 It will not be at rest..till it be restored to its original equality. 1822 Shelley tr. Calderon's Mag. Prodig. i. 239 Thou canst not Restore it to the slumber of the scabbard. 1840 Dickens Old C. Shop xlvi, He..endeavoured, by such simple means as occurred to him, to restore her to herself. 1882 Med. Temp. Jrnl. L. 79 The application of faradic electricity quickly restored the patient to consciousness. |
| absol. c 1386 Chaucer Pars. T. ¶238 Contricion..restorith to alle goodes espiritueles. |
b. To grant to or obtain for (a person) reinstatement to former rank, office, or possessions.
| a 1533 Ld. Berners Huon lxxxi. 251 It is reason that Huon be restoryd to all his londes. 1560 J. Daus tr. Sleidane's Comm. 19 b, [He] restored the Cardinals to theyr former dignitie. 1600 J. Pory tr. Leo's Africa v. 239 By the Kings aide he was restored to his former gouernment. 1671 Milton P.R. iii. 381 These if from servitude thou shalt restore To thir inheritance. 1776 Gibbon Decl. & F. xvi. I. 540 The innocent were restored to their rank and fortunes. 1849 Macaulay Hist. Eng. ii. I. 176 The Bishops were restored to their seats in the Upper House. 1877 Froude Short Stud. (1883) IV. i. ix. 93 By the terms of the peace..the archbishop was to be restored to his estates and dignity. |
c. To take or put back into, to convey or hand back to, a place.
| c 1450 Holland Howlat 532 Thai maid it hame be restord In to Scotland. 1560 J. Daus tr. Sleidane's Comm. 93 b, The drone bees desyre to be restored into the hyve. 1703 Maundrell Journ. Jerus. (1732) 145 We were restor'd all in safety to our respective Habitations. 1860 Tennyson Tithonus 72 Release me, and restore me to the ground. |
† 7. To recompense or compensate (a person). Const. of the damage or wrong. Obs. rare.
| c 1330 R. Brunne Chron. Wace (Rolls) 4552 To comen ageyn he gaf hem fre,..& restored þeym of here damage. 1461 Paston Lett. II. 48 Thei shall be restorid ayen of such wrongs as thei have had be Sir Philip Wentworth. |
† 8. To store; to stock (again). Obs. rare.
| c 1350 Will. Palerne 2846 A park as it were, þat whilom wiþ wilde bestes was wel restored. c 1400 Laud Troy Bk. 14574 Euery man his tentis restoris Off mete & drynke & other store, Wel better than thei were ore. |
† 9. intr. To recover, revive. Obs.
| c 1400 Destr. Troy 10399 His strenkith restoris stithly agayn, And he fore to þe fight with a fell wyll. c 1550 Sir D. Lyndesay (MS.), Scho..garris the blude skayle vpone hir birdis, quhairthrow thai restoir and turnis to lyf agane. |
Hence reˈstored ppl. a.
| 1806 T. S. Surr Winter in Lond. II. 257 The first sounds that strike upon restored reason. 1836 Buckland Geol. & Min. II. 19 Four species of fossil animals, whose restored figures are given in the last Plate. 1845 S. Austin Ranke's Hist. Ref. III. 359 The restored unity of Latin Christendom. 1855 Macaulay Hist. Eng. xvi. III. 701 A grateful affection such as the restored Jews had felt for the heathen Cyrus. |