▪ I. stomach, n.
(ˈstʌmək)
Forms: α. 4–6 stomak, 4–7 -ake, -ac, -ack, 5–7 -acke, (5 -oke, -ocke, 5–6 -ok, 6 stommok, stummock, stomacque, 7 stamocke, 8 Sc. stamock); β. 6 stomache, 6– stomach (9 Sc. stammach).
[a. OF. estomac, stomaque, stomeque (mod.F. estomac) ad. L. stomachus, a. Gr. στόµαχος, orig. the throat, gullet, hence the mouth or orifice of any organ, esp. of the stomach, and later the stomach itself; f. στόµα mouth. Cf. Pr. estomac, Sp. estómago, Pg. estomago, It. stomaco.
The Gr. senses occur in Latin, where however the usual sense is ‘stomach,’ with various fig. applications, e.g. ‘appetite,’ ‘indignation,’ ‘courage,’ etc.]
1. a. In a human or animal body: The internal pouch or cavity in which food is digested.
In man, the stomach is a dilatation of the alimentary canal, occupying the upper part of the left side of the abdomen. In some animals there are several stomachs, through which the food passes in succession; thus in ruminants there are the first stomach (paunch, rumen), the second stomach (honeycomb, reticulum), the third stomach (omasum, psalterium), and the fourth or true stomach (abomasum).
| 13.. E.E. Allit. P. C. 274 & þer he [Jonah] festnes þe fete & fathmez aboute, & stod vp in his [the whale's] stomak, þat stank as þe deuel. c 1374 Chaucer Boeth. iii. met. xii. (1868) 107 Þe fowel þat hyȝt voltor þat etiþ þe stomak or þe giser of ticius [erron. tr. L. Tityi jecur]. c 1374 ― Troylus i. 737. 1375 Barbour Bruce iii. 542 That soucht nane othir salss thair-till Bot appetyt..For weill scowryt war thar stomakys. 1398 Trevisa Barth. De P.R. v. xxxviii. (1495) 152 The stomak is beclipped in on place wyth the lyuer. a 1400–50 Wars Alex. 4436 Youre mawis ȝe fill,..Stuffis so ȝour stomake with stullis & of wynes, Þat [etc.]. 1406 Hoccleve La Male Regle 150 A draght of wyn..To warme a stomak with. 1500–20 Dunbar Poems xxvii. 52 In to his stommok wes sic ane steir, Off all his dennar quhilk he coft [v.r. cost] deir. 1526 Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 36 Somtyme of great replecyon or fyllyng of y⊇ stomacke, or surfet. c 1623 Lodge Poor Mans Talent E 2, The stomacke is the storehouse of the Bodie. 1650 Bulwer Anthropomet. xi. 117 The Gullet moveth the meat into the Stomack by natural instruments. 1664 E. Browne Jrnl. in Sir T. Browne's Wks. (1836) I. 54, I being desirous to see the inside of a man's stomache, hee cut one up for me which hee had by him. 1686 tr. Chardin's Trav. Persia 168 It is not to be imagin'd what an empty stomach I had all the while that I was in Mingrelia. 1833 N. Arnott Physics I. iii. v. 661 A full stomach produces tension and projection of the belly. 1834 M{supc}Murtrie tr. Cuvier's Anim. Kingd. 482 In the middle of the inferior margin [of the rib in Medusæ] is the mouth, a wide aperture opening into a stomach placed transversely in the thickness of the rib. 1847 W. C. L. Martin Ox 144/2 The second stomach is the reticulum or honey⁓comb... The third stomach is termed manyplus, manyplies, manifold, and other names, in allusion to its internal foliations. 1873 Mivart Elem. Anat. 441 The stomach..is a simple, somewhat pear-shaped bag, curved so that its upper surface is concave. 1884 Day Fishes Gt. Brit. I. p. lii, This gizzard-like stomach is evidently employed for grinding up hard food. 1901 Daily Chron. 26 July 3/4 The oyster and his fellow mollusca..like man himself,..possess that test of biological greatness, a true stomach. |
| transf. 1605 Rowlands Hell's broke loose 20 Our Purses may haue emptie stomackes all. |
| fig. c 1440 Jacob's Well 117 Takyth þe tryacle of my techyng in-to þe stomak of ȝoure soule. |
† b. to defy or digest the stomach: see
defy v. 1 b,
digest v. 4
f. c. on an empty stomach: fasting.
on a full stomach: immediately after a copious meal.
| 1607 Topsell Four-f. Beasts 376 A Horsse may haue shortnesse of breath, by hasty running after drinking, or vpon a full stomach. 1663 Bayfield Treat. De Morb. Capitis 88 Barley masticated, or chewed, upon an empty stomach. 1744 Berkeley Siris §3 About half a pint night and morning on an empty stomach. 1780 Mirror No. 98 When⁓ever he read on an empty stomach, he was apt to be disturbed with uneasy yawnings. 1865 A. Thomas On Guard xxvii. II. 178 Mrs. Green made some shadow of a protest against the brandy being taken on an empty stomach. |
d. Viewed as the organ of digestion. Often with epithet, as
weak,
strong,
good, etc.
| c 1380 Wyclif Sel. Wks. III. 133 Þo stomak of a man schulde deffye his mete. c 1400 Lanfranc's Cirurg. 13 Forbede hem neiþir wiyn ne fleisch, for þe stomak þat is so feble ne myȝte nouȝt engendre nessessarie mater of blood þat longiþ to þe wounde. c 1430 Lydg. Min. Poems (Percy Soc.) 23 The wolf..Saide he [the lambe] maadde his water unholsom, His tender stomake to hinder and undispose. 1519 Knaresb. Wills (Surtees) I. 8 Hole in mynde and wake in stomak. 1599 H. Buttes Dyets drie Dinner I i, Signifying the holesomnesse thereof to a good stomacke. 1612 Woodall Surg. Mate Wks. (1653) 70 Mace..strengtheneth the stomack. 1631 T. Powell Tom of All Trades 31 A Citizens wife of a weake stomacke. 1669 Dryden Tempest ii. (1670) 18 This [Brandy] works comfortably on a cold stomach. 1779 Mirror No. 9, I am a Scotsman of a good plain stomach. 1853 A. Soyer Pantroph. 73 The cucumber, although but little nutritious, does not agree with cold stomachs. 1856 Athenæum 26 Apr. 515/3 A brewage so composed can only be fitting for the stomachs of Belphegor and his brethren. |
| transf. 1612 Sturtevant Metall. (1854) [115] The seuerall sorts of Raw matters, which are the things that the Stomack of the Furnace worketh upon. |
| fig. 1589 Pappe w. Hatchet in Lyly's Wks. (1902) III. 399 His conscience hath a colde Stomacke. |
e. as the seat of hunger, nausea, discomfort from repletion, etc.
to lie (heavy) on one's stomach: (of food) to cause indigestion. (See also
turn v. 12, 12 b.)
| c 1394 P. Pl. Crede 765 A great bolle-full of benen were betere in his wombe,..Þan..comeren her stomakes wiþ curious drynkes. 1513 Life Hen. V (Kingsford 1911) 64 To..indure the rage and boysterous of the sea, w{supt}{suph}out accombrance and disease of his stomacke. c 1522 More De quat. noviss. Wks. 99/1 And than the head aketh, & the stomake knaweth, and the next meale is eaten w{supt} out appetite. 1567 Gude & Godlie B. (S.T.S.) 36 He wuld haif eitin with the swyne, His hungrie stomok to fulfill. 1610 Shakes. Temp. ii. ii. 118. 1649 Jer. Taylor Great Exemp. Pref. ¶18 He knew that some appetites might be irregular, just as some stomackes would be sicke. 1709 T. Robinson Vindic. Mosaick Syst. 59 The Dog..when he finds himself sick at Stomach..presently runs to Grass, and having eaten it, it gives him a Vomit, and the Dog is well. 1711 Swift Jrnl. to Stella 5 Sept., I ate sturgeon, and it lies on my stomach. 1774 Burke Amer. Tax. (C.P.S.) 95, I am sure our heads must turn, and our stomacks nauseate with them. 1786, 1807 [see sick a. 1 c]. 1829 Southey Pilgr. Compostella iv. Poet. Wks. VII. 264 Not till he had confest,..did he feel His conscience and stomach at rest. 1842 Macaulay Ess., Freak. Gt. ¶8 Sometimes he was forced to swallow food so nauseous that he could not keep it on his stomach. 1852 Thackeray Esmond iii. v, 'Twas the stomach that caused other patriots to grumble, and such men cried out because they were poor. |
f. as the part of the body that requires food; hence, put for the body as needing to be fed.
| 1904 Windsor Mag. Jan. 268/2 ‘An army marches on its stomach.’ ‘C'est la soupe qui fait le soldat.’ These Napoleonic aphorisms..have been [etc.]. |
| fig. c 1530 Tindale Jonas Prol. A vij b, God oure father & scolemaster fedeth vs & teacheth [printed teached] vs accordinge vn to the capacite of oure stomakes. |
† g. Used to render L.
jecur (liver) as the supposed seat of lust.
Obs. Cf. the original passage,
De Proeliis Alexandri, ‘Cupidinem deam iecoris existimas.’
| 1340–70 Alex. & Dind. 686 Ȝe sain þat he [Cupidus] is a soþ god..Þat haþ þe stomak in stat stifly to kepe, For þere þe hete that men han is holden wiþ-inne Þat enforceþ þe flech folie to wirche. 1390 Gower Conf. II. 177 Cupide..was the sire Of the stomak, which builleth evere, Wherof the Iustes ben the levere. |
¶ 2. Some of the earlier anatomists (following, ultimately, Galen) attempted to restore to the word its original
Gr. sense of œsophagus or gullet, and to give the name
ventricle to what is ‘improperly’ called the stomach.
| 1541 Copland Galyen's Terap. 2 H j b, We must gyue medicaments to drynke to hym y{supt} hath his ventricle vlcerate, whiche vulgarily is called y⊇ stomacke, & yf the bulke y{supt} proprely is called y⊇ stomacke, y{supt} the grekes cal cesophagus [sic] be vlcerate, the sayd medycaments ought nat to be taken & swalowed at ones, but by lytel & lytell. 1578 Banister Hist. Man v. 68 The begynnyng of the stomache is at the roote of the toung, in the lower part of the iawes behynd Larinx. Ibid. 70 The Ventricle consisteth of two broad and thinne coates together ioyned, euen as the stomach or throte, but somewhat unlike. 1658 Rowland tr. Moufet's Theat. Ins. 1121, I mean by the stomach the mouth of the ventricle, taking the word stomach improperly, for properly it signifies the throat{ddd}the properly called stomach, that is, the throat is fenced with most strong bones. |
3. The part of the body containing the stomach, the belly, abdomen; sometimes (formerly often) applied to the chest.
| c 1375 Sc. Leg. Saints x. (Matthew) 488 He..his gret sorow for to slak, hyme-selfe into þe stomak strak, & ȝeld þe gaste. c 1400 Laud Troy Bk. 10929 He was al bare but his hauberke On his brest & his stomak. c 1440 Gesta Rom. xvi. 56 (Harl. MS.) Þere came an arowe, & smote him at þe stomak, & he felle doun ded. 1530 Palsgr. 276/2 Stomake, estomac, poictrine. 1567 Fenton tr. Bandello xiii. (1898) II. 245 Her stomake also, some what raised by two rounde and precius dugges..was covered with a brave and softe vaile,..whyche hyndred no waye the viewe of her travellynge brestes. 1585 T. Washington tr. Nicholay's Voy. ii. vii. 37 b, About their neck and vpon their stomacke, they were many chaines, tablets, & other trynkets. a 1605 Montgomerie Misc. Poems xxvii. 3, I wot ȝe neuer kneu A harte more treu with⁓in a stomok stik. 1748 Smollett Rod. Rand. xxvii, Many cross-buttocks did I sustain, and pegs on the stomach without number. 1847 Marryat Childr. N. Forest iv, The dog..dragged himself on his stomach after Edward. 1863 Kingsley Water-Bab. vi. (1869) 271 So they lived miserably on roots and nuts, and all the weakly little children had great stomachs, and then died. 1888 Rider Haggard Maiwa's Revenge i, Good crawled upon his stomach. |
| transf. 1848 Thackeray Van. Fair lxii, With..his hand in the stomach of a voluminous white waistcoat. 1902 Cornish Naturalist Thames 8 Barometers, if tapped violently in the centre of their mahogany stomachs. |
† 4. Sc. = stomacher. Also, a chest-covering for a horse.
Obs.| 1473–4 Acc. Ld. High Treas. Scot. I. 38 Deliuerit to Caldwele.. j elne of satyne for stomokis to the Quene. 1488–92 Ibid. 80 Item, in the same box, a stomok. 1500–20 Dunbar Poems xxvii. 11 With mony lymmar loun,..Off stomok steillaris and clayth takkaris. 1506 [see shaker 6]. 1508 Acc. Ld. High Treas. Scot. IV. 22 Item for vj quartaris quhit dames to be foure stomo[k]is for hors housouris, xlij s. 1540–1 Ibid. VII. 423 The litill copburd of silver witht certane stomokkis, perle bedis, [etc.]. 1558 Extracts Aberd. Reg. (1844) I. 309 The wrangous reiffing and away taking fra hir of ane plyd,..ane bukrame approwne, ane stomak. |
5. a. Appetite or relish for food.
Obs. exc. (somewhat
arch.) with
const. for.
| c 1386 Chaucer Sompn. T. 139 The body is ay so redy and penyble To wake, that my stomak is destroyed. 1514 Barclay Cyt. & Uplondyshm. (Percy Soc.) 1 A lordes stomake & a beggers pouche Full yll accordeth. 1555 Eden Decades (Arb.) 182 They haue no stomacke to their meate. 1560 T. Wilson Rhet. (1563) 72, I haue no liste to eate now, it is to earely for me, my stomacke is not yet come to me. 1590 Shakes. Com. Err. i. i. 49 You haue no stomacke, hauing broke your fast. 1642 Fuller Holy & Prof. St. iii. xiii. 185 A rich man told a poore man that he walked to get a stomach for his meat. a 1654 Selden Table-T. (Arb.) 88 'Tis a good rule, eat within your Stomack, act within your Commission. 1674–7 J. Molins Anat. Observ. (1896) 19 The Boy came to his Stomack, and would goe. a 1722 Lisle Husb. (1757) 271 Such working every other day..would get them a stomach to their meat. 1726 Swift Gulliver ii. iii, I had quite lost my stomach, and was almost reduced to a skeleton. 1746 Oxf. Sausage (1764) 34, I..Rode for a Stomach. 1766 Complete Farmer s.v. Purging, Horses that fall off their stomach,..should have a mild purge or two. 1841 James Brigand v, Heaven send us all as good food as I have a good stomach. 1855 Thackeray Newcomes II. xxxvii. 334 ‘You must go back to your dinner.’ In vain I pleaded that I had no stomach for it. 1859 Tennyson Enid 1062 And Enid took a little delicately, Less having stomach for it than desire To close with her lord's pleasure. 1867 Howells Ital. Journ. 95 The lions had no stomach for Glaucus on the morning of the fatal eruption. |
b. fig. Relish, inclination, desire (for something immaterial).
| 1513 Douglas æneis xiii. vi. 76 Agane his stomak..the contrak is ybrokken. 1596 Shakes. Merch. V. iii. v. 92 Nay, let me praise you while I haue a stomacke. 1610 ― Temp. ii. i. 107 You cram these words into mine eares, against the stomacke of my sense. 1610 Holland Camden's Brit. (1637) 313 These matters, I assure you, it goes against my stomacke to relate. 1622 Bacon Hen. VII, 38 It was an Act against his stomacke, and put vpon him by necessitie and reason of State. a 1660 Contemp. Hist. Irel. (Ir. Archæol. Soc.) II. 27 The captain against his stamocke condescended. 1682 Bunyan Holy War (1905) 369 The Captains..did do such execution with their stones, that they made him, though against stomach, to retreat. 1722 De Foe Plague 65, I had no stomach to go back again to see the same dismal scene over again. 1793 Dr. Burney in Mme. D'Arblay's Diary & Lett. (1891) III. 479, I have little stomach to write. 1870 Emerson Soc. & Solit., Books Wks. (Bohn) III. 82 And if one lacks stomach for Mr. Grote's voluminous annals, the old slight and popular summary of Goldsmith..will serve. 1902 Buchan Watcher by Threshold 186, I had no stomach for more mysteries. |
6. a. Used (like ‘heart’, ‘bosom’, ‘breast’) to designate the inward seat of passion, emotion, secret thoughts, affections, or feelings. Now
rare.
| 1482 Cely Papers (Camden) 131 The wyche y onderstond ye taked sor at yowre stomak. 1537 Starkey in Strype Eccl. Mem. (1721) I. App. lxxxi. 197, I trust..your bounden duty to your Sovereign Lord & Master shal so prevail in your stomac, that you [etc.]. 1537 Cranmer Let. to Crumwell Misc. Writ. (Parker Soc.) II. 348 Your good mind to⁓wards me concerning my debts to the king's highness, which of all other things lieth most nigh unto my stomach. a 1548 Hall Chron., Hen. VIII, 164 b, They knew nothyng of all his doynges, whiche sore greved their stomackes. 1571 Walsingham in Digges Compl. Ambass. (1655) 151 The common people ease their stomacks onely by uttering certain seditious words. 1599 Chapman Hum. Day's Mirth E 2 b, Nay I do not cry, but my stomacke waters to thinke that you should take it so heauily. 1642 D. Rogers Naaman 346 Evill which causeth such a fulsomenesse and wearinesse in Gods stomacke. 1663 Butler Hud. i. iii. 222 This said, his grief to anger turn'd, Which in his manly stomach burn'd. 1707 Addison Rosamond ii. ii. 16 My Stomach swells with secret Spight To see my fickle, faithless Knight..So little his own Worth to know. 1721 Strype Eccl. Mem. I. i. xi. 98 Nor cared they to meddle openly against the Emperor, especially in this, which he took so much to Stomach. 1859 Earl Granville Let. in E. Fitzmaurice Life Granville (1905) I. xii. 344, I ought to..tell you of..the enormous weight off my stomach when I failed [to form a government]. 1965 E. B. White Let. July (1976) 533 The city is very strange this summer—alternately deserted and packed, and the nearness of Harlem always in everybody's stomach. |
† b. to utter (the bottom of) one's stomach: to disclose one's inmost thoughts. Similarly,
to fish out the bottom of a person's stomach.
Obs.| 1537 Cromwell in Merriman Life & Lett. (1902) II. 92 As you may therby fishe out the botom of his stomake, and aduertise his Maieste howe he standethe disposed towardes him. 1538 Ibid. 128, I cannot but..be glad, that ye so frankely utter your stomache to me. 1604 Hieron Preachers Plea 28 But such as I am shall often heare them talke at libertie, and vtter the very bottome of their stomackes. |
† c. In various phrases,
to pierce one's stomach,
sink (deep) into one's stomach,
to stick in one's stomach: said of something that makes a lasting (
esp. painful) impression on the mind.
Obs.| 1387–8 T. Usk Test. Love ii. viii. (Skeat) l. 15 It may not sinke in my stomake til I here more. 1509 Fisher Funeral Serm. C'tess Richmond Wks. (1876) 298 Dauyd sayth..zelaui super iniquos..it perceth my stomacke to se the rest & ease that synners often haue. c 1536 in Priory of Hexham (Surtees) I. App. p. clix, There is somewhat that stykkes in their stomakkes. a 1548 Hall Chron., Edw. IV, 207 These reasons..sancke in the Dukes stomacke. 1565 Cooper Thesaurus s.v. Mordeo, Thy letters did much greue me, or pinche me at the stomake. 1579 Rice Invect. agst. Vices H j b, Now, therefore do I sore muse, how this question..could sinke into any honest, & specially, into any Christian mans stomake, to demaunde, what [etc.]. 1643 Baker Chron., Eliz. (1653) 558 For this new Earl [of the Holy Empire] stuck in the stomacks of the English Barons, who inwardly grudged to give him place. 1691 Wood Ath. Oxon. (1817) III. 369 Which usage sunk so deep into his stomach, that he [Selden] did never after affect the bishops and clergy. 1708 S. Centlivre Busy Body v. iv, Does not your hundred pounds stick in your stomach? 1781 Cowper Madan's Answ. Newton 8 Which stuck in M.'s stomach as cross as a bone. 1809 Malkin Gil Blas x. vii. (Rtldg.) 356 This declaration stuck in his stomach. 1828 Carr Craven Gloss., ‘To stick in the stomach,’ to remain in the memory with angry resentment. |
† 7. a. Temper, disposition; state of feeling with regard to a person;
occas. friendly feeling, friendliness.
Obs.| 1476 Sir J. Paston in Paston Lett. III. 160 He also hathe tolde me moche off hys stomake and tendre faver that he owythe to yow. c 1489 Caxton Sonnes of Aymon xii. 288 And I behelde vpon my bredern, & knewe their stomackes. 1535 Coverdale Prov. xi. 17 He y{supt} hath a gentle liberall stomacke, is mercifull. 1553 Brende Q. Curtius vi. 98 Antipater therefore which knew ful wel his stomake, durst not vse the victory accordinge to his owne will. 1565 Cooper Thesaurus s.v. Animus, Nec vnus in te ego hos animos gessi, Not only I had that stomake towarde you. 1607 Topsell Four-f. Beasts 307 When he had gotten perfect intelligence and vnderstanding of the Horsses stomacke, he..addressed himselfe to mount on his backe. 1610 Holland Camden's Brit. (1637) 51 The auxiliarie souldiers likewise were of the same stomack. |
b. With various
adjs. (
e.g. bold,
high,
proud,
malicious) or other qualifying words. (The combination of
adj. and
n. is sometimes equivalent to the
n. in sense 8.)
| c 1510 More Picus Wks. 5/1 He was verie quicke, wise, and subtile in dispicions, and had great felicitee therein, while he had that high stomak. 1535 Coverdale Prov. xvi. 18 After a proude stomake there foloweth a fall. 1536 in Priory of Hexham (Surtees) I. App. p. cxxxi, He did nothyng..but of a willyng malicys stomak. 1548 Hall Chron., Edw. IV, 218 Erle of Warwicke, whose stoute stomacke, and invincible corage,..caused death before..old age. 1565 Cooper Thesaurus, Sublimitas animi, lofty stomake or courage. 1573 G. Harvey Letter-bk. (Camden) 14 A wurthi pattern of a noble stummock. 1576 Ralegh in Gascoigne Steele Glas (Arb.) 47 For spyteful tongs, in cankred stomackes plaste, Deeme worst of things, which best (percase) deserued. 1617 Hieron Penance for Sin xix. (1619) 283 It is scarcely to bee thought that that mans soule is truely taught of God, who is backward, especially out of height of stomake, to bee a Teacher vnto others. 1631 Quarles Samson iii, Great God! whose power hath so oft prevail'd Against the strength of Princes, and hast quail'd Their prouder stomackes. a 1661 Fuller Worthies, Durh. (1662) 294 This Ralph was a Prelate of High Birth, haughty Stomach, great Courtship, [etc.]. 1697 Dryden Virg. Georg. iii. 322 Before his Training, keep him poor and low: For his stout Stomach with his Food will grow. 1709 Strype Ann. Ref. I. xxxv. 348 But Bourne, not⁓withstanding, had an angry Stomack against the Bishop. 1772 J. Fletcher Logica Genev. 29 The proud and haughty stomachs of the daughters of England are so maintained with divers disguised sorts of apparel, that [etc.]. 1835 Lytton Rienzi v. v, His stomach is too high for that now. 1881 Blackie Lay Serm. viii. 263 Middleton, soon after this hasty provocation of the stout old Scottish stomach, fell into discredit. |
8. In various senses relating to disposition or state of feeling.
† a. Spirit, courage, valour, bravery.
Obs. Phrase,
to take stomach (often with
dat. of
refl. pron.).
| c 1532 G. Du Wes Introd. Fr. in Palsgr. 904/2 The stomake, le courage. 1534 More Comf. agst. Trib. ii. Wks. 1171/1 A merye tale wyth a frende, refresheth a manne..and amendeth his courage and hys stomake. 1538 Starkey England (1878) 27 Yet the grete frute..wych may..yssue of the same may somewhat encourage vs and gyue vs stomake. 1540 R. Hyrde tr. Vives' Instr. Chr. Wom. (1592) I 3, Against these darts of the divell..let her take the buckler of Stomacke. 1544 Bale Exam. Oldcastle 26 b, He toke stomake vnto him agayne. 1565 Cooper Thesaurus, Afferre animum alicui, to encourage; to geue stomake. 1569 T. Underdown Heliodorus iv. 55 After shee knewe her selfe, and had taken stomake vnto her, shee..saide [etc.]. 1571 Homily agst. Disobedience ii. D j b, Lustie and couragious captaines, valiaunt men of stomacke. 1579 Fenton Guicciard. vii. (1599) 270 The king of Romains also taking stomack by the greatnesse of his son, solicited to passe into Italy. 1606 Shakes. Tr. & Cr. ii. i. 137 Hector..Will with a Trumpet,..To morrow morning call some Knight to Armes, That hath a stomacke. 1611 Chapman Iliad ix. 335 Let him take stomacke to repell Troyes firie threatenings. 1645 Fuller Good Th. in Bad T. 172 John Courcy, Earl of Vlster, was chosen Champion for the English; A Man of great Stomack and Strength. 1663 Butler Hud. i. ii. 107 Instead of Trumpet and of Drum, That makes the Warrier's stomach come; A squeaking Engine he apply'd. |
† b. Pride, haughtiness; obstinacy, stubbornness.
| a 1513 Fabyan Chron. vii. 643 For y⊇ great stomake of the father, y{supt} he wolde not be condycioned with of y⊇ sone. 1575–85 Abp. Sandys Serm. x. 169 Zeale without knowledge is not zeale but stomacke. 1590 Spenser F.Q. ii. vii. 41 Sterne was his looke, and full of stomacke vaine. 1613 Shakes. Hen. VIII, iv. ii. 34 He was a man Of an vnbounded stomacke, euer ranking Himselfe with Princes. 1641 Milton Animadv. Wks. 1851 III. 239 They were..for stomach much like to Pompey the great, that could indure no equall. 1674 J. Howard Engl. Mounsieur ii. i. 26 Oh—is your stomack come down. 1692 R. L'Estrange Fables ccxv. 188 Now 'tis not Courage but Stomach, that makes many People Break, rather then they will Bend. 1765 Foote Commissary i. Wks. 1799 II. 9 Oh ho! what, I suppose his stomach's come down. |
† c. Anger, irritation; malice, ill-will, spite; vexation, pique.
Obs.| c 1540 Life Bp. Fisher (E.E.T.S.) p. xlix, Whereat the Cardinall tooke such hartie displeasure against the Emperour that ever after he bare him in stomacke. 1559 Abp. Parker in N. Johnston King's Visit. Power (1688) 216, I shall be bold in secretys to Wright it..to avoid som Stomake that ellys might be taken. 1568 T. Howell Newe Sonets (1879) 139 Wordes be but winde, to purge his heate, His stomacke to abate. 1592 Wotton Let. 10 July Reliq. W. (1685) 675 Having left a stipend..of 1200 Crowns, upon Stomach to see himself cross'd in the Court by the Archbishop of Pisa. 1603 Knolles Hist. Turks (1621) 440 Zemes more upon stomacke and desire of revenge, than [etc.]. 1611 Speed Hist. Gt. Brit. ix. xiii. §67 But the King vpon a stomacke doth it. 1633 Bp. Hall Hard Texts Eccl. x. 4 If the Prince be angry with thee, doe not in a stomach or froward pettishnesse give up thine office. 1641 Milton Ch. Govt. ii. Wks. 1851 III. 140 Not suddenly to condemn all things that are sharply spoken, or vehemently written, as proceeding out of stomach, virulence and ill nature. 1643 Baker Chron., Edw. I, 131 Others of the nobility..took stomach against him. a 1825 Forby Voc. E. Anglia, Stomach, anger. |
9. Brewing. See
quot. [Perhaps a corruption of some other word;
perh. a fanciful use of 8 a.]
| 1835 W. Black Brewing 52 What is technically called the stomach or vinous vapour begins to be smelt, and continues to acquire strength until the process [of fermentation] is concluded. Ibid. 104 Stomach means the pungency, but more particularly the odour of the vapour evolved during fermentation; by which an experienced brewer should at all times be able to judge how the process is going on. 1882 E. G. Hooper Man. Brewing (ed. 2) 240 The proper cleansing point is fixed in different ways, and whilst one judges by the heat of the wort ceasing to rise, another goes by the diminution in pungency of the odour or ‘stomach’ exhaled. |
10. attrib. and
Comb. a. Simple
attrib., pertaining to the stomach, as
stomach-blood,
stomach-catarrh,
stomach-complaint,
stomach-digestion,
† stomach fit,
stomach muscle,
stomach ulcer,
stomach upset,
stomach-wall,
stomach-wound; good for the stomach, as
stomach-drink,
stomach-essence,
stomach-pill,
stomach powder,
stomach-wine;
b. objective and locative, as
stomach-stretching;
stomach-hating,
stomach-healing,
stomach-qualmed,
stomach-sick,
stomach-soothing,
stomach-turning,
stomach-twitched,
stomach-whetting,
stomach-worn adjs.;
c. special comb.,
† stomach-anger nonce-wd., concealed anger;
stomach-bag = cheeselip1 2;
stomach cough, a cough supposed to proceed from indigestion;
† stomach grief, bitter anger;
† stomach-gut, the duodenum;
stomach-piece Naut. (see
quot.);
stomach pocket Zool., in Medusæ, a cavity serving as a stomach;
stomach-pouch, (
a) the protuberant abdominal pouch found in certain ducks and geese; (
b)
= prec.;
stomach-pump, a kind of pump or syringe for emptying the stomach (
esp. in cases of poisoning) or for introducing liquids into it;
stomach-staggers, a variety of staggers (
stagger n.1 2) caused by distension of the stomach;
stomach sweetbread, the pancreas, as distinguished from the ‘throat sweetbread’ or
thymus;
stomach-syringe = stomach-pump;
† stomach-tight a. Sc., hungry;
stomach-tooth (see
quot.);
stomach-tube, (
a) ‘a siphon used in washing out the stomach’; (
b) ‘a feeding tube’ (Dorland
Med. Lex.);
stomach-warmer, a flat vessel of tin-plate, to be filled with hot water and applied to the pit of the stomach;
stomach-wise adv. (
nonce-wd.), (crawling) on one's stomach;
stomach-worm, (
a) a common intestinal round worm,
Ascaris lumbricoides, sometimes found in the human stomach (
= maw-worm); (
b)
slang (see
quot. 1788).
| 1640 Bp. Reynolds Passions xxxi. 317 Neither can I like that close and dissembled, that politick and *stomacke Anger, which cunningly shrowds it selfe under a calme and serene countenance. |
| 1717 Dict. Rust. s.v. Cheeslip-bag, ..'Tis the *Stomach-bag of a young Sucking Calf that never tastes any other food than Milk. 1847 W. C. L. Martin Ox 37 The first thing to be done is to clear the stomach-bag. |
| 1666 G. Harvey Morbus Angl. xxx. (1672) 90 If the evacuated blood be florid, it's *Stomach-blood. |
| 1910 Daily Chron. 5 Apr. 9/2 Niemeyer,..speaking of the value of this fluid in *stomach-catarrh, is found saying [etc.]. |
| 1824 Scott St. Ronan's iii, The gentlemen were as liable to *stomach complaints, as the ladies to nervous disorders. |
| 1875 T. K. Chambers Man. Diet 287 ‘*Stomach cough’ and ‘Stomach sore throat’..are best treated by [etc.]. |
| 1899 Allbutt's Syst. Med. VIII. 369 The sensations accompanying *stomach and intestinal digestion are felt excessively. 1903 Daily Chron. 20 Feb. 3/5 Thus tea and coffee both retard stomach-digestion powerfully. |
| 1766 Complete Farmer s.v. Purging, When horses lose their appetites after purging, it is necessary to give them a warm *stomach drink. |
| 1672 G. Thomson Let. to H. Stubbe 25 A Vindication of the Author's *Stomach-Essence, and other effectual Remedies. |
| a 1700 B. E. Dict. Cant. Crew, Qualm, a *Stomack-Fit. |
| 1533 T. Wilson Rhet. 106 b, *Stomake grief [margin, Iracundia], is when we will take the matter as hote as a tost. |
| 1585 Higins Junius' Nomencl. 31/2 Intestinum primum,..the *stomach gutte, or maw gut. |
| 1620 J. Taylor (Water P.) Praise Hemp-seed (1623) 21 Iniunctions for some *stomacke hating Fast. |
| 1735 Somerville Chace i. 378 Each *Stomach-healing Plant Curious they crop. |
| 1965 P. O'Donnell Modesty Blaise xviii. 199 Instinct tensed her *stomach-muscles an instant before the woman dropped on her with both knees. |
| 1846 A. Young Naut. Dict. 14 Apron, or *Stomach-piece, a piece of curved timber which is bolted on the inside of a vessel's main-stem, to strengthen it and to give shifts to its scarphs. 1875 Knight Dict. Mech., Stomach-piece, a compass-timber fayed to the stem and keel. An apron. |
| 1662 J. Degravere Thesaurus Remed. (ed. 2) 35 First clense downward with the *stomack pills. |
| 1885 W. K. Brooks in Mem. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist. III. 361 The Narcomedusæ... Radial canals absent, or present as flat radial *stomach pockets. |
| 1854 Poultry Chron. I. 498 The duck of this kind has at a very early age a great development of its ‘*stomach pouch.’ 1871 Allman Gymnobl. Hydroids 84 The fact of their having twelve tentacles and twelve stomach-pouches instead of eight. |
| 1911 E. Wharton Ethan Frome vii. 135 I've a good mind to go and hunt up those *stomach powders I got last year... Maybe they'll help the heart-burn. 1972 V. Canning Rainbird Pattern vi. 115 He was restless himself from a substantial dinner and lay awake for hours wishing he had brought some stomach powder. |
| 1822–9 Good's Study Med. (ed. 3) I. 119 Until Dr. Physic proved the utility of the *stomach pump in the case of a child poisoned with laudanum, the invention gained little attention. 1899 J. Cagney tr. von Jaksch's Clin. Diagn. v. (ed. 4) 151 The handle is removed and the sound connected with a stomach-pump. |
| 1611 Shakes. Cymb. iii. iv. 193 If you are sicke at Sea, or *Stomacke-qualm'd at Land, a Dramme of this Will driue away distemper. |
| 1613 Purchas Pilgrimage (1614) 289 He proued *stomack-sick to his expedition also. 1657 W. Rand tr. Gassendi's Life Peiresc I. 98 He withdrew himself [to sit by the Mainmast] that he might not be Stomach⁓sick. 1664 H. More Exp. 7 Epist. ix. 149 Christ here expresseth how nauseous and stomack-sick he is against his Church under this Intervall and Title of Laodicea. |
| 1876 J. S. Bristowe Th. & Pract. Med. (1878) 201 Spirits of chloroform, bismuth, or other *stomach-soothing drugs. |
| 1831 Youatt Horse vii. 103 In *Stomach-staggers the horse stands dull, sleepy, staggering. |
| 1648 G. Daniel Eclog iii. 79 T'allay The *Stomacke-Stretchings of the former Day. |
| 1822–9 Good's Study Med. (ed. 3) I. 119 A *stomach syringe, for diluting and washing away various poisons introduced into the stomach..was first suggested by Renault. |
| 1715 Ramsay Christ's Kirk Gr. ii. xviii, But ithers that were *stomach-tight, Cry'd out, [etc.]. |
| 1890 Billings Nat. Med. Dict II. 594 *Stomach tooth, canine tooth of lower jaw of first dentition, so called because of gastric disturbance frequently accompanying its eruption. |
| 1857 Dunglison Med. Lex. s.v. Tube, Tube Œsophageal, *Stomach Tube, a long elastic gum tube, capable of being passed into the œsophagus or stomach. 1897 Allbutt's Syst. Med. III. 437 Emetics..may be given when the use of the stomach-tube is inadvisable. |
| 1875 Browning Aristoph. Apol. 197 The *stomach-turning stew. |
| 1804 Coleridge Lett. (1895) 457, I am as asthmatic and *stomach-twitched as when with you. |
| 1945 A. Huxley Let. 27 May (1969) 527 He interferes with the normal functioning of his own body and worries or strains himself into *stomach ulcers. 1961 L. Mumford City in History xv. 473 Definite ailments, like stomach ulcers and high blood pressure, seem to be aggravated by the strain of living, say, within sound of a busy motorway or airport. |
| 1960 L. Cooper Certain Compass 23 Adrian said that he had a *stomach upset, and went back. 1976 D. Clark Dread & Water v. 102 Mugs..if used communally..can serve to pass germs among the party, causing stomach upsets. |
| 1871 Allman Gymnobl. Hydroids 84 The internal surface of the *stomach walls. |
| 1835 Dickens Sk. Boz, River, A flat bottle like a *stomach-warmer. 1858 Simmonds Dict. Trade, Stomach⁓warmer a metal vessel for holding hot water to place on the stomach. |
| 1631 Quarles Samson x, Their *stomacke⁓whetting Sallats. |
| 1677 J. Beale Nurseries, etc. ii. 24 Poitiers (where I always met with excellent *stomach-wine). 1750 J. Theobald App. Medulla Med. Univ. 67 Stomach Wine. Take Half an Ounce of Gentian-root, [etc.]. |
| 1893 K. Grahame Pagan Ess. 131 Where a rabbit could go, a boy could follow, albeit *stomach-wise, and with one leg in the stream. |
| 1647 Trapp Comm. Mark ix. 50. 27 *Stomack⁓worms are killed with salt. 1666 G. Harvey Morbus Angl. xvii. (1672) 35 Whence they are called Stomach or Maw⁓worms. 1788 Grose Dict. Vulgar T. (ed. 2) s.v., The stomach worm gnaws; I am hungry. |
| 1812 [Southey] Omniana I. 229 The same man, sick, dyspeptic, and *stomach-worn. |
| 1905 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 4 Mar. 471 The upper part of the *stomach wound was closed. |
▸
stomach crunch n. = abdominal crunch n. at
abdominal adj. and
n. Additions.
| 1986 Washington Post 4 Aug. b5/4, I used the single exercise most professional body builders recommend—*stomach crunches. 2001 P. Burston Shameless vi. 89 Stomach crunches were definitely the worst, he thought, as he raised his knees and curled his head and shoulders up for the last time. |
▪ II. stomach, v. (
ˈstʌmək)
Forms: see the
n. [f. stomach n. Cf. L. stomachārī to be resentful, to be angry with, F. s'estomaquer to take offence.] † 1. trans. To be offended at, resent.
Obs.| 1523 Cromwell in Merriman Life & Lett. (1902) I. 36, I stomak as a sory Subiect may doo, the high iniuries done by the saide Francoys. 1560 J. Daus tr. Sleidane's Comm. 382 Than began he to stomack the matter, & was right sore offended. a 1591 H. Smith Restit. Nebuchadnezzar 33 So God doth stomacke sinnes in those that beare his owne person. 1611 B. Jonson Catiline iii. F 1 b, Publicke report, That giues you out, to stomacke your repulse. 1649 Milton Eikon. 110 Parlament is call'd, not by the King, but by the Law, to be his Counselers & Dictators, though he stomac it. 1678 Lively Oracles ii. ix. 246 We daily..receive those things with contentment..from an intimate..which if spoken by a stranger or enemy, would be despis'd or stomach'd. 1739 Gray Let. Poems (1775) 47 Moreover I think I have reason to stomach your last piece of gravity. 1741 Richardson Pamela (1824) I. 115 In such a manner as might show I would not disoblige on purpose, though I stomached this matter very heavily too. 1780 Johnson in Boswell (1904) II. 341 An Englishman would have stomached it, and been sulky. a 1825 Forby Voc. E. Anglia, Stomach, to resent. |
† b. with clause or infinitive as
obj. Obs.| 1587 Norton tr. Calvin's Inst. iv. vii. (ed. 4) 377 marg., The Bishop of Rome stomoking that the Bishop of Constantinople should come so neere as to bee made by a coun⁓cell next him in authoritie. 1594 Mirr. Policy (1599) K ij, When as Iulius Cæsar scorning a superior, and Pompey stomacking to haue any equall to himself, did both striue for the principality. a 1641 Bp. R. Montagu Acts & Mon. (1642) 289 Alexander..stomacked that Antipater was all in all with his Father. |
c. To be offended with (a person).
| a 1548 Hall Chron., Hen. IV, 30 Jhon duke of Burgogn..stomaked and envied the Duke of Orliance. 1583 T. Stocker Civ. Warres Lowe C. iv. 52 b, The Magistrate and all the Citezeins did wonderfully stomacke the Catholickes, in so muche, that [etc.]. 1652–62 Heylin Cosmogr. iii. (1676) 222/1 Both Nations hated by the Natives..but of the two the Spaniard looked on by the people as the more a Gentleman; the other stomached and despised for their sordid dealings. 1671 Woodhead St. Teresa ii. ii. 6, I was very much stomacked by all my Monastery, because I would erect another, more recluse. |
† d. intr. To take offence, feel resentment.
Obs.| 1567 Palfreyman Baldwin's Mor. Philos. To Rdr. (1600) A vj b, Not as though I..should swell or stomack against any man. 1591 Savile Tacitus, Hist. ii. xxviii. 69 The Auxiliaries mourned the Legions stomacked. 1648 Gage West Ind. 208 The good Archbishop..corrected some things in it..which we already hear they have stomached at. 1650 S. Clarke Eccl. Hist (1654) I. 142 Herodias rageth afresh, stomacketh anew. a 1662 Heylin Laud (1668) 359 The Archbishop had long stomackt at the Insolencies of Matthews. 1706 Phillips (ed. Kersey), To Stomach or Stomach at, to be angry at, to resent a thing. 1706 J. Sergeant Acc. Chapter Bp. Chalcedon (1853) 85 The Cardinals..who..stomached at the authority of the chapter. |
† 2. trans. To excite the indignation of, to offend, vex.
Obs.| 1588 A. Munday Palmerin of Eng. i. xi. (1639) E 1 b, Palmerin was chosen chiefe Defendant, which somewhat did stomack the sonnes of Primaleon. 1652–62 Heylin Cosmogr. iii. (1676) 136/1 These insolent and unsufferable pranks committed so commonly by these masterful slaves so exceedingly stomached Bajazet the second, that [etc.]. 1675 Alsop Anti-Sozzo 693 But the Apostle has said enough in this Chapter to stomack the Pride and Restifness of humane Wisdom. |
3. To turn the stomach of, to nauseate.
rare.
| 1796 E. Hamilton Lett. Hindoo Rajah (1811) II. 298 Some of us were so much stomached, that we did not much like to go. 1866 Howells Venet. Life 76 It is not that the restaurants are very dirty—if you wipe your plate and glass carefully before using them, they need not stomach you. |
† 4. To inspire with resentment, fury or courage; to incite.
Obs.| 1541 Paynel Catiline xxxix. 56 b, Tell me I pray you, wherto serueth that oration? was it to stomake you ageynst the conspiracy [L. an uti vos infestos conjurationi faceret]? 1545 Bale Image Both Ch. i. vi. (1550) F j, When he had stomaked theim by the holy ghost, to shote forth his worde without feare. a 1548 Hall Chron., Hen. VII, 7 To encourage, stomacke and entyce many other to be aiders, assisters & partakers of the same conspiracy. Ibid., Hen. VIII, 163 b, Which fordele might perchance so stomacke him y{supt} he would agre to no new condicions nor agrementes. |
5. To brook, endure, put up with, tolerate.
| 1677 Sir H. Capell in Essex Papers (Camden) II. 128 Treas[urer] ill stomachs Ormond's carrying this businesse. 1814 Lady Burghersh Lett. (1893) 232, I confess I cannot stomach treating these people de princes. 1814 Scott Wav. lvii, So that Fergus was compelled to stomach this supposed affront. 1845 James Arrah Neil vi, Dry stomached the affront till the time came for his revenge. 1861 Hughes Tom Brown Oxf. xlii, In the end he could not stomach such a backsliding. 1862 London Rev. 30 Aug. 190 He cannot stomach ‘a filthy compound of bones and alum’. 1874 Slang Dict. 311 Stomach, to bear with, to be partial to. Mostly used in a negative character,—as, ‘I can't stomach that.’ 1880 L. Tennyson in 19th Cent. Jan. 67 The first two evils he was obliged to stomach as best he might. 1887 Besant World went iii, The study of the Latin language..he could not stomach. 1894 Baring-Gould Kitty Alone III. 49 But that Pepperill's niece..should have the temerity to refuse his son was a fact he could not stomach. |
6. To take into or retain on the stomach, to digest.
nonce-use.
| 1822 Praed Poems (1866) I. 66 Iron and steel, for an early meal, He stomached with ease. 1854 S. Dobell Balder i. 3 Vales, mountains, trees, And stones of home,..anon Are stomached by mine hunger. |
7. To climb by laying the stomach against.
| 1884 Century Mag. Dec. 195/1 Now creeping under an up⁓rooted tree..; then ‘stomaching’ a prostrate log three or four feet in height. |