kithe, kythe, v. Now Sc. and north. dial.
(kaɪð)
Forms: see below.
[Com. Teut.: OE. c{yacu}ðan (ME. cüþen, kyþen, kiþen, keþen) = OFris. ketha, keda, OS. kûðian; MLG. kunden, MDu. conden, (Du. (ver)konden), f. *kundian = OHG. chundian, chunden (MHG. kunden, künden, G. künden), ON. kynna, Goth. *kunþjan (cf. gasvikunþjan):—OTeut. *kunþjan, f. kunþ-, known, couth.]
A. Illustration of Forms.
1. pres. tense. α. 1 c{yacu}ðu, c{yacu}ðe, 1–2 k{yacu}ðe, k{yacu}þe, 3–5 kyþe, kiþe, 4–9 kythe, kithe, (4 kiþ, kyeth, 4–6 kith, 4–8 kyth, 5–6 kyith, 6 keyth, kaithe); 3rd pers. sing. 1 cyþ, 2–3 kyþ, 3 ciþ, kiþ. β. 2–4 cuþe, kuþe, cuiþe, 4–5 cuyþe, kuyþe, kuiþe, (4 couth); 3rd pers. sing. 3 cuþ. γ. 4 keþe, kethe, keth.
| α c 825 Vesp. Psalter xlix. [l.] 7 Ic cyðu ðe ðætte god god ðin ic eam. c 1000 Ags. Gosp. Matt. xxviii. 10 Farað and cyðað minum ᵹebroþrum. c 1160 Hatton Gosp. (ibid.), Fareð and kyðeð mine ȝebroðre. c 1200 Trin. Coll. Hom. 59 Þat he cið on alle wise. Ibid. 139 To kiðen cristes to cume. a 1300 Cursor M. 12164 Nathing wald yee to me kyth [v. rr. kiþe, kiþ]. Ibid. 22737 His come to kyeth. c 1385 Chaucer L.G.W. 912 Thisbe, I schal a-non it kythe. c 1475 Rauf Coilȝear 107 Kyith I am cummin hame. 1486 Bk. St. Albans E vij b, That he wolde hym kith. 1530 Lyndesay Test. Papyngo 128 To keyth hir craftynes. 1573 Satir. Poems Reform. xli. 34 Thair ioukers durst not kyith thair cure. 1594 Battell Balrinness in Scot. Poems 16th C. II. 349 Giue he into this countrie kaithe [rime blaithe]. |
| β c 1175 Lamb. Hom. 109 His leoman him cuþað þet he ne bið quic longe. c 1200 Trin. Coll. Hom. 181 Ðat child..cuð mid his wope. a 1240 Lofsong in Cott. Hom. 215 Cuið in me hwat is milce. 1297 R. Glouc. (Rolls) 2963 Cuþeþ nouþe þat ȝe beþ men [v. rr. Kithe, Cuyþe]. c 1320 Cast. Love 590 Þat so muche loue hi kuiþe wolde. 1377 Langl. P. Pl. B. v. 181, I couth [v.r. kiþe] it in owre cloistre þat al owre couent wote it. |
| γ c 1315 Shoreham 7 God þorwe miracles keþeþ hit. Ibid. 20 To keþen ous hiis ryche. c 1330 Arth. & Merl. 2131 Merlin..bad him orpedliche he schuld kethe [rime dethe]. c 1375 Sc. Leg. Saints vii. (Jacobus minor) 387 For-þi þi crafte þu keth one me, And waryse myn Infyrmyte. |
2. pa. tense. α. 1
c{yacu}ðde, 1–2
cydde, 2, 4–5
kydde, 3–6
kidde, (3–4
kidd), 4–5
kydd(e,
kyd, 4–6
kid, (5–6
kyde); 4
kiþed,
-id,
kyþed, (4–6
-it,
-yt,
-yd), 4–
kythed,
kithed. β. 2–4
cudde, 3–4
kudde, 4
kud. γ. 3–5
kedde, 4
Sc. kethit.
| α a 900 Cynewulf Crist 65 [Hi] Cyðdon cristes ᵹebyrd. c 1000 Ags. Gosp. Matt. viii. 33 Ða hyrdas..cyddon [c 1160 Hatton Gosp. kydden] ealle þas þing. a 1175 Cott. Hom. 227 Se ængel..cydde hyre þat godes sune sceolde beon acenned of hire. c 1250 Gen. & Ex. 1394 Rebecca..kidd it to hire broðer. c 1330 R. Brunne Chron. (1810) 281 Þe werre bigan, and kid it so couth. c 1350 Will. Palerne 5287 Þe messangers..kiþed here arnd. 1387 Trevisa Higden (Rolls) IV. 411 He turned to and kydde [v.r. kudde] al the myght of his wicche craft. 1535 Stewart Cron. Scot. II. 100 The grit wonder and miraclis that tha kid. 1560 Rolland Crt. Venus ii. 790 Sen ȝe on me befoir kyde sic kindnes. 1637–50 Row Hist. Kirk (Wodrow Soc.) 438 He kythed such great gifts. |
| β c 1200 Trin. Coll. Hom. 35 Þe engel cudde þe herdes..þat þe helende was..iboren. 1297 R. Glouc. (Rolls) 2379 Þere he kudde wat he was. 1387 Kudde [see α]. |
| γ c 1200 Moral Ode 193 (Trin. MS.) Muchel luue he us kedde. c 1330 Arth. & Merl. 3910 Thai kedden her noble might. c 1375 Sc. Leg. Saints xii. (Mathias) 232 Þat kethit wele þat he was meke. c 1460 Launfal 580 Gyfre kedde he was good at nede. |
3. pa. pple. α. 1
ᵹe)c{yacu}þed, 4
i-kid, (
kide,
keid), 4–5
y-kyd,
y-kidde,
kyd,
kydd(e,
kidd(e,
kid, 5
y-kydde,
y-kid,
kyde, (
kyth, 6
kyith); 4–9
kythed,
kithed, 5–6
-it, 6
-yd,
kyithit. β. 3
ikudd, 3–5
kud, 4–5
icud,
ikud,
ykud. γ. 4
ked, 5
kedd(e.
| α c 900 tr. Bæda's Hist. v. xvii. [xix.] (1890) 460 Eallra heora dome wæs cyþed, þæt [etc.]. c 1000 ælfric Saints' Lives iv. 348 Þæt heo næfre on hire life ᵹecyðed wære. a 1300 Cursor M. 6609 It sal be kydd [v.r. kidd]. c 1300 Havelok 1060 It was loude kid. 1387 Trevisa Higden (Rolls) VII. 393 He hadde y-kyd [v. rr. kidde, ykud, kydde] his woodnesse. c 1460 Pol., Rel. & L. Poems 254 Cowþe ykid in euery cost. c 1470 Harding Chron. xxxix. xii, Vnto no manne was it kyde [rime hid]. 1528 Lyndesay The Dreme 1050 Dame Fortune..hes lairgli kyith on the hir cure. a 1529 Skelton Poems agst. Garnesche 8 What, have ye kythyd yow a knyght? 1567 Gude & Godlie B. (S.T.S.) 46 Christ hes vs kyithit greit conforting. 1640 R. Baillie Canterb. Self-convict. 33 Whereto the faction hath not kythed too passionate a love. |
| β a 1225 Juliana 24 Hit were sone iseid þe keiser ant ikudd to þe kinge. 1297 R. Glouc. (Rolls) 1328 He miȝte abbe..ikud me loue. 1387 Ykud [see α]. |
| γ c 1430 Syr Tryam. 1386 But they be kedd. |
B. Signification.
1. trans. To make known.
† a. To make known in words; to announce, proclaim, declare, tell. (With
simple obj. or
obj. clause.)
Obs.| c 725 Corpus Gloss. 1150 Intimandum, to cyðenne. c 1000 Ags. Gosp. John xvii. 26 Ic him cyðde ðinne naman & ᵹyt wylle cyþan. c 1175 Lamb. Hom. 117 Þat þu..mine speche heom cuðe. c 1200 Ormin 632 He comm dun wiþþ Godess word, To kiþenn itt onn eorþe. c 1330 King of Tars 341 Heore sorwe couthe no mon kithe. c 1450 Holland Howlat 235 Confess cleir can I nocht, nor kyth all the cass. 1530 Palsgr. 599/1, I kythe, I shewe or declare a thyng, as he kytheth from whence I am (Lydgate), je demonstre. This terme is nat vsed in comen spetche. |
b. To make known by action, appearance, etc.; to manifest, show, prove, demonstrate, indicate. (With
simple obj.,
obj. clause, or
obj. and
compl.) Also
refl.| c 1175 Lamb. Hom. 99 Elches monnes weorc cuðað [printed cuðan] hwilc gast hine wissað. a 1300 Cursor M. 13983 Iesus..mani a-pert meracle did, Quar-wit to mankind he him kid. c 1385 Chaucer L.G.W. Prol. 492 Sche kytheth what she is. c 1460 Towneley Myst. i. 45 Trees to florish & frute furth bryng, Thare kynde that it be kyd. 1515 Scot. Field in Chetham Misc. (1856) II. Introd. p. xii, He kidde himselfe no coward. 1640–1 Kirkcudbr. War-Comm. Min. Bk. (1855) 156 They bothe..did kythe thameselffes enemeis to the gude caus. a 1734 Wodrow Scl. Biogr. (1845) I. 100 (E.D.D.) He began to kyth his sickness the first of March. 1785 Burns Halloween iii, Their faces blythe, fu' sweetly kythe Hearts leal, an' warm, an' kin. [1822 Scott Nigel v, It would have kythed Cellini mad, had he never done ony thing else out of the gate.] |
c. To make manifest to the sight, to show, exhibit, discover;
refl. to show oneself, appear.
| 1297 R. Glouc. (Rolls) 5098 Wanne þe relikes of halwen yfounde were and ykud. a 1300 Cursor M. 13095 Hu lang siþe Sal he him hide and not kiþe. c 1330 Arth. & Merl. 3869 The other no might ben y-kidde Behinden hem thai werren y-hidde. 1508 Dunbar Tua Mariit Wemen 433 As the new mone..Kythis quhilis her cleir face, through cluddis of sable. 1594 Jas. VI Let. Q. Eliz. 13 Apr. in Tytler Hist. Scot. (1864) IV. 216 Ever plainliest kything himself where greatest confluence of people was. 1846 Drummond Muckomachy 68 (E.D.D.) When the moon begoud to keek From Thetis rim and kythe her disk. |
2. intr. for refl. To show oneself or itself, come forth to sight; to manifest or display itself; to become known; to appear.
| a 1300 Cursor M. 4276 (Cott.) Luken luue at þe end wil kith. Ibid. 11416 (Gött.) Þe last þis stern it kid. 1535 Stewart Cron. Scot. I. 18 The langer ay the better it did kyth. 1585 Papers Jas. Carmichael in Wodrow Soc. Misc. 430 Our true humility shall appear, and the fruit of our forming to that work kythe. c 1635 W. Scot Apol. Narrat. (Wodrow Soc.) 80 They were insisting with his Majesty to kythe in action against the forfaulted Earles. 1821 Galt Ann. Parish xii. (1895) 83 A kindly spirit, which would sometimes kythe in actions of charity. 1822 Blackw. Mag. XII. 309 In what colours other ladies intended to kithe before Majesty. 1829 Hogg ibid. XXV. 750 The evening star kithed like a gem. 1862 in Hislop's Prov. Scot. 108 If you loe me, let it kythe. |
b. with
compl. To show oneself or itself in some specified aspect; to appear, seem, or prove to be.
| c 1330 R. Brunne Chron. (1810) 240 With Leulyn gan he kith to be þe kynges traytour. 1513 Douglas æneis i. vi. 167 Hir habeit fell down couering to hir feit, And..ane verray god did hir kith. 1565 Sc. Metr. Ps. xviii. 26 Pure to the pure, froward thou kythst Unto the froward wight. 1637–50 Row Hist. Kirk (1842) 169 Such as hes kythed favourers of the forefeited rebells. a 1639 Spottiswood Hist. Ch. Scot. ii. (1677) 89 Nor did any kithe so foolish as the Priests. [1818 Scott Hrt. Midl. xii, It kythes bright to the ee, because all is dark around it.] |
† 3. trans. To exhibit, display, or manifest practically (a feeling, quality, capacity, etc.); hence, to exercise, practise, perform, do.
Obs.| Beowulf 2695 Andlongne eorl ellen cyðan. c 1175 Lamb. Hom. 153 Mildheortnesse God kudde monne. 1297 R. Glouc. (Rolls) 1297 Þer hii kudde hor prowesse. c 1330 R. Brunne Chron. (1810) 132 Warre on him gan he kithe. 1387 Trevisa Higden (Rolls) II. 341 He kydde his tyrauntyse on his gestes. c 1440 York Myst. xl. 149, I thanke youe of þis kyndinesse ȝe kydde me. 1500–20 Dunbar Poems xxviii. 37 In erd ȝe kyth sic mirakillis heir. 1613 W. Browne Sheph. Pipe i. (1869) 187 Your bountee on me kythe. 1641 R. Baillie Parall. of Liturgy with Mass-bk. 77 None of all the reformed Churches have kythed more zeale against Images. 1724 in Ramsay Tea-t. Misc. (1733) II. 164 Well can my Jocky kyth His love and courtesy. |
† 4. To acknowledge, confess, own; to recognize. (With
simple obj. or
obj. and
compl.)
Obs.| c 1000 Ags. Gosp. Matt. x. 32 ælcne..þe me cyð beforan mannun, ic cyðe hyne beforan minum fæder [c 1160 Hatton Gosp. kyð, ic kyðe]. 13.. E.E. Allit. P. B. 1368 Vche duk..Schulde com to his court to kyþe hym for lege. c 1374 Chaucer Anel. & Arc. 231 He..his trouthe me had iplyght, For everemore hys lady me to kythe. c 1425 Wyntoun Cron. vi. vi. 16 Nane persayvyd hyr woman Bot all kythyd hyr as man. 1570 Levins Manip. 152/3 Kythe, acknowledge, agnoscere. 1613 Jackson Creed i. viii. §1 That the sons of Isaac and Ishmael..should kithe each other with as little scruple as if they were full cousin germans. |
5. pa. pple. kid,
kyd,
i-kyd, etc. Made known, declared; hence, Known, well known, famed, renowned; with
compl. Well-known as.., acknowledged to be... (See also
kid ppl. a.)
| a 1225 Ancr. R. 64 Heo..wolde..sone beon mit te wise icud [v. rr. cuððet, icuððet] and icnowen. 1297 R. Glouc. (Rolls) 1929 Seint eleine ys moder þat wis was wide ikud [v. rr. ykud, kydde, kud]. c 1350 Will. Palerne 110 Komen was he of kun þat kud was ful nobul. c 1380 Sir Ferumb. 274 In many a lond my name ys kud aboute. c 1386 Chaucer Merch. T. 699 That ye nat discouere me; For I am deed, if that this thyng be kyd. c 1450 Holland Howlat 504 Throwout Cristindome kid War the deidis that he did. 1486 Bk. St. Albans E iv b, The Robucke as hit is weele kyde At holyrode day he gooth to Ryde. |