acetyl Chem.
(ˈæsɪtɪl)
[f. acetic) + Gr. ὕλη substance, stuff: see -yle. Hence ‘radical of the acetic series’.]
a. A monatomic organic radical C2H3O, the oxidized radical of the dicarbon series, and the basis of the acetic series.
| 1864 Athenæum No. 1937. 788/3 The ethylate of acetyl. 1873 Williamson Chem. §281 Acetic acid is a molecule of water in which the two atoms of hydrogen are replaced by two atoms of acetyl. 1880 E. Cleminshaw Wurtz's Atomic Theory 277 Acetyl is ethyl modified by substitution. |
b. Also
attrib. and in
Comb., as
acetyl-cellulose,
acetyl chloride (also acetic, acetylic chloride),
acetyl-orthoamidobenzoic acid,
acetyl peroxide,
acetyl-salicylic acid,
acetyl silk.
| 1879 Watts Dict. Chem. VI. (Suppl.). 418 *Acetyl⁓cellulose. 1915 P. E. Spielmann tr. von Richter's Org. Chem. I. 665 Acetyl Cellulose is formed by the action of glacial acetic acid..and a small quantity of concentrated sulphuric acid..on cellulose. |
| 1880 Athenæum 13 Nov. 645/2 The following papers were read: On *Acetylorthoamidobenzoic Acid. 1877 Watts Fownes' Chem. II. 286 *Acetyl peroxide (C2H3O)2O2 is a viscid liquid, which explodes with violence when heated, and acts as a powerful oxidizing agent. |
| 1897 Jrnl. Chem. Soc. LXXII. i. 531 *Acetyl salicylic acid..is obtained by adding small quantities of ferric chloride (100 grams) to a mixture of salicylic acid (80 grams) and acetic chloride. 1899 Acetylsalicylic acid [see aspirin]. |
| 1921 Jrnl. Soc. Dyers & Colourists XXXVII. 294 Possibly dyed *Acetyl Silk yarn could be used for weaving with cotton. |
______________________________
Add:
[b.] acetyl CoA [
abbrev.]
= *
acetyl coenzyme A below.
| 1951 Biol. Rev. XXVI. 438 Adenosinediphosphate + acetyl CoA + orthophosphate. 1974 Jrnl. Amer. Chem. Soc. LXXIV. 3205 It would be of considerable advantage if acetyl CoA were readily available for study in itself and as a substrate. 1990 EMBO Jrnl. IX. 2444/1 The inactivation of HMG-CoA reductase and acetyl-CoA carboxylase, and the activation of the AMP-activated protein kinase. |
acetyl coenzyme A, the acetyl ester of coenzyme A, involved as an acetylating agent in various biochemical processes.
| 1952 Jrnl. Amer. Chem. Soc. LXXIV. 3205 The separation of acetyl coenzyme A (CoA) from respiring yeast. 1974 M. C. Gerald Pharmacol. vii. 127 Choline acetyltransferase..mediates the transfer of an acetyl group from acetyl coenzyme A to choline. 1988 BioFactors I. iv. 267/1 Ten years ago Stewart and Wieland (1978) synthesized acetonyldethia-coenzyme A (acetyl-CH 2 CoA), i.e. an analogue of acetyl-coenzyme A in which the sulphur has been replaced by methylene. |