▪ I. † aˈbraid, v. Obs.
Forms: inf. 1 abreᵹdan, abrédan, 3 abreiden, 4–5 abreyde, 5 abrayde, abraide, 6 erroneous abray. pa. tense 1 abræᵹd, abræd(de, 2 abred, abræid, 3 abraid, abreid, 4 abreyde, 4–5 abrayde, abraide, 5–6 abraid, abrayed. pa. pple. 1 abroᵹden, abroden, 2 abroiden, abroden, abruden.
[f. a- prefix 1 + braid, OE. breᵹdan to twist, cogn. w. OSax. bregdan, OFries. breida, OIcel. bregða; hence primarily to twist or wrench back, retorquēre. In the primary trans. meaning the vb. became early obs. The intransitive sense, ‘to spring, start,’ was prob. also obs. bef. 1600, when Spenser gave it the false form abray, taken from the past abraid. In the sense of ‘to ejaculate’ abraid remained in the 16th c., and was provided with a weak past abraided.]
1. trans. To wrench or pull out, to snatch, withdraw, draw (a sword).
| c 1000 O.E. Gosp. Matt. xxvi. 51 Witudlice án þæra..abræd hys sweord. c 1150 Hatton Gosp., ibid. Witodlice an þara..abred hys sweord. a 1200 Cotton Hom. 239 Alles goddes fend simle fram his ȝesecðe abroden bienn. c 1200 Trin. Coll. Hom. 209 Ure soule is abroiden of þe hunte grune. 1205 Layamon 26534 Sone his sweord he ut abræid [later text vp breid]. |
2. intr. To start, usually out of sleep, a swoon, or fit; to awake; occ. also, to start or burst into motion; to spring or dart.
| c 1230 Ancren Riwle 214 He schal a domesdei grimliche abreiden mid te dredful dreame of þe englene bemen. Ibid. 238 And te holi mon abreid. c 1250 Genesis & Ex. 2111 Ðe king abraid and woc in ðhogt. c 1386 Chaucer Clerk's T. 1005 Til sche out of hir masidnesse abrayde. ― Sqr.'s T. 469 And after that sche gan of swown abreyde. c 1430 Lydg. Bochas (1554) iv. i. 101 Marcus in his bed lying Gan tabrayde. 1501 Douglas Palice of Hon. (1787) iii. iii. 55 Be not affrayit scho said..And with that word up the strait rod abraid. c 1570 Thynne Pride & Lowlines (1841) 65, I sodenly out of my sleepe abraid. 1596 Spenser F.Q. iv. vi. 36 But, whenas I did out of sleepe abray, I found her not. Ibid. iv. iv. 22 And now by this Sir Satyrane abraid Out of the swowne. 1600 Fairfax Tasso xiii. l. 244 But from his studie he at last abraid, Call'd by the Hermit old. |
b. trans. To arouse, startle.
| 1596 Spenser F.Q. iii. i. 61 For feare lest her unwares she should abrayd. Ibid. iii. xi. 8 The braue maid would not for courtesie, Out of his quiet slumber him abrade. |
3. intr. To break forth abruptly into speech; to burst into a cry; to shout out.
| c 1430 Lydgate Bochas (1544) i. i. 1 a, Our fader Adam sodeynly abrayde, And to mine autour, euen thus he sayde. Ibid. i. i. 5 b, In their working, as thei gan abrayde No man wist what that other sayd. c 1440 Ipomydon (W.) 1149 Ipomydon with that stroke abrayde, And to the kynge thus he sayde. 1531 Elyot Governour (1580) 102 Holding his eyes and handes up towards heaven [he] abrayded with a loud voyce. 1541 ― Image Gov. (1556) 145 After that he had sette a good space without speakyng, he abraided out at the last. 1566 Drant Horace, Sat. ii. B, Who..doth not abrade, and crye, Uppon the greateste God of all? |
b. trans. To ejaculate.
| 1578 T. Procter in Heliconia I. 172 Wherwith distrest, with wood-like rage the wordes he out Abrade. |
4. intr. To rise nauseously in the stomach.
| 1533 Elyot Castel of Helth (1541) 33 An appetite to eate or drynke mylke, to the extent that it shal not arise or abraied in the stomake. |
5. refl. To exert oneself.
| 1530 Palsgr. 415/1, I abrayde, I inforce me to do a thinge, Je mefforce. He dyd abrayde him to reche it. |
6. (In Lydgate.) To resort to, frequent.
| c 1430 Lydgate Bochas (1554) iii. v. 75 a, O thou princesse of worldly goodes veyne, To thy flatterers I never did abrayde. Ibid. vi. xv. 161 b, Plato, To whose cradle Bees dyd abrayde. |
▪ II. † aˈbraid, n. Obs.
[f. abraid v.]
A start.
| 1570 Levins, Manipulus, An Abrayd, impetus. |
▪ III. † abraid, v. and n., abraiding, vbl. n.
15th c. forms of upbraid, -ing due to phonetic confusion with prec.
| c 1430 Babees Book 28 Of old surfaytes abrayde nat thy felawe. c 1430 Lydgate Bochas (1554) vii. iv. 167 b, If the famous prudent olde Caton Had agein me in such caas made abrayd. c 1430 Syr Generides 9335 The king seid..Goo hens for drede of more care. [Generides] for that abraiding Waxed wroth toward the king. 1530 Palsgr. 415/1, I abrayde one, I caste one in the tethe of a matter. 1599 Greene Alphonsus (1861) 231 That thou da'rst thus abraid me in my land. |
▪ IV. abraid
obs. form of abroad.