▪ I. † yode, yede, v.1 Obs.
Past tense of go v. (= went, went away, proceeded, took his course). [12th cent. ME. (north-east midland) ȝeode, ȝede (iede), prob. altered form of OE., ME. eode (ede, ode), pa. tense of go v., by prothesis of ȝ-glide induced by the hiatus in such collocations as he eode, we eoden. Later, when the form ȝode, arising from the development of eo as a rising diphthong, became established, it would help to extend the currency of the form ȝede by analogical influence upon ede, the normal representative of éode with a falling diphthong. A parallel development is furnished by ME. York, Yerk:—OE. Eoforw{iacu}c (see York). Moreover, the OE. compound form ᵹeéode, pa. tense of ᵹegán igo v., examples of which are here given with the meaning of the simple éode, may have survived in localities where the prefix ȝe- = y- persisted in ME., and so have furthered the spread of ȝede and ȝode.
Beowulf 1967 Hi sið druᵹon, elne ᵹeeodon. Ibid. 2676 Ac se maᵹa ᵹeonga under his mæᵹes scyld elne ᵹeeode. c 725 Corpus Gloss. (Hessels) A 217 Adgrediuntur, ᵹeeodun [Epinal 76 ᵹihiodun]. c 950 Lindisf. Gosp. Matt. xx. 5 Exiit, ᵹe-eode. Ibid. John x. 23 Ambulabat, ᵹe-eade.]
Illustration of Forms.
α. 2–4 ȝeode (4 ȝiode).
| a 1122 O.E. Chron. (Laud MS.) an. 1070 Hi..ᵹeodon into þe mynstre. c 1260 K. Horn (Camb. MS.) 401 He ȝeode in wel riȝte To Rymenhild þe briȝte. c 1275 Lay. 25331–2 Ofte hii ȝeode [c 1205 eoden] to reade, ofte hii ȝeode to roune. c 1305 Judas 31 in E.E.P. (1862) 108 Þe quene ȝeode adai and pleide bi þe stronde. 13.. Cursor M. 19920 (Edin.) Quen þai of Petir undirstode, His coming, sone gain him þai ȝiode. 1387 Trevisa Higden (Rolls) IV. 397 A lampe..in þat hevene..þat ȝede [MS. γ ȝeode] adoun westward as it were þe sonne. a 1400 Pistill of Susan 228 To the ȝate ȝaply þei ȝeoden [v.rr. ȝedyn, ȝede] wel ȝare. c 1400 R. Gloucester's Chron. (Rolls) 8409 (MS. α) Þoru wham þe heþene men ȝeoden al to schonde. |
(β) 2. ᵹæde, iede, iæde, 2–5 ȝede, 3–4 ȝiede, 4 ȝide, ȝed, yhed, Sc. ȝheid, 4–5 ȝeide, ȝhede, ȝeede, 4–6 yeede, (also 9 Sc.) yede, 5 ȝeyde, ȝhed, Sc. ȝheide, 5–6 Sc. ȝeid, yeid, 5–6 (8 Sc.) yeed, 6 yheid, yead(e, 8 yee'd.
| a 1122 O.E. Chron. (Laud MS.) an. 1070 Syððon ᵹeden heom to scipe, ferden heom to Eliᵹ. 1154 Ibid. an. 1137 Sume ieden on ælmes þe waren sum wile rice men. Ibid., Me dide cnotted strenges abuton here hæued & uurythen to ðet it ᵹæde to þe hærnes. Ibid. 1140 Scæ fleh & iæde on fote to Walingford. c 1200 Vices & Virtues 69 Ðies ȝunge mann ȝiede awei sari. 1297 R. Glouc. (Rolls) 1766 Ac basian & al is folc ȝede anon to gronde. a 1300 Cursor M. 1086 Quen caym had don þat dreri dide, Til his fader hamward he ȝeide. Ibid. 21093 He prechid þare wiþ fote he ȝide. c 1330 R. Brunne Chron. Wace (Rolls) 14308 Þyse were þe lordes of renoun Þat on Moddredes side ȝed doun. 1340 Hampole Pr. Consc. 4851 Þat day, þat Loth yhed out of Sodome. 1340–70 Alisaunder 304 Hur ȝates ȝeede þei too & youlden hem soone. 1375 Barbour Bruce i. 90 Bot othir wayis all ȝheid the gle. Ibid. 333 And till swylk thowlesnes he ȝeid, As the courss askis off ȝowtheid. 1423 Acts Privy Council III. 97 He yeed in ambassiate to..ye Kyng of Polayn. c 1470 Gol. & Gaw. 228 The day yeid doun. 1487 Cely Papers (Camden) 158, I had xxli more wheyr of ȝeyde xijli and mor for carryayge of wholl. 1508 Dunbar Kynd Kittok 33 Becaus the wif ȝeid wrang. 1566 Drant Horace, Sat. v. C vij, When you..yeade to Louaine there to heare the Latine Romishe worde. 1575 Gammer Gurton iv. ii, My Gammer then she yeede, see now hir neele again to bring. 1583 Leg. Bp. St. Androis 327 With this the word yead through the toun. a 1600 Montgomerie Devot. Poems iii. 29 That leddir..Quhairby the angels come and ȝeid From hevin to earth. 1768 Ross Helenore i. 7 They Yeed hand in hand together. 1808 Jamieson, Yede is still used in Ang[us] although almost obsolete. |
β2. 3–4 ȝet.
| c 1275 Lay. 2647 Þis wes þe ereste king þet ȝet vt to reuing. c 1375 Sc. Leg. Saints xxix. (Placidas) 297 Þane wes þe feynd wondir wa, Þat placydas lewit hym sa & ȝet on crist. |
(γ) ? 1 ᵹode, 3–5 ȝod, 4–5 yhode, (also 6 Sc.) ȝode, (also 7–8 dial.) yod, (4 ȝood, ȝodd, yoede, 5 ȝ-, yoode, 6 yood, Sc. ȝoid, 7 youd), 4–6 (6–9 arch.) yode.
| c 1030 Rule of S. Benet xxvii. (ed. Logeman) 58 Abiit, se ðe ᵹode [How this spelling is to be interpreted in this instance is doubtful]. c 1250 Gen. & Ex. 2030 Sone ȝhe mai hire louerd sen, Ȝhe ȝod him bitterlike a-ȝen. a 1300 Cursor M. 1806 He wist noght wyder-ward he ȝodd. Ibid. 6264 Þe see on aiþer side þam stod Als walles tua, quils þai for yod. 13.. Ibid. 24360 (Gött.) Þe nailes þat him fest on rode Thoru in hend and fete þai ȝode. 13.. Gaw. & Gr. Knt. 1146 A hundreth of hunteres..To trystors vewters ȝod. c 1400 Melayne 449 The fire ȝode owtt þat come þer nee. c 1400 [see go v. B. 21 b]. c 1440 York Myst. ix. 151 My frendis þat I fra yoode Are ouere flowen with floode. c 1450 St. Cuthbert (Surtees) 643 Him thoght oute of þe shipp he yhode. 1513 Douglas æneis ii. xii. 21 Throw howsis and the citie quhar I ȝoid. 1524 in Ellis Orig. Lett. Ser. i. I. 244 Saing if he yode awaye she must neds do for her self. a 1533 Ld. Berners Huon clxiii. 636 He issued out of the gate and yode towardes the tentes of his enemyes. 1590 Spenser F.Q. i. x. 53 Such one, as that same mighty man of God, That bloud-red billowes..disparted with his rod, Till that his army dry⁓foot through them yod. 1596 Ibid. iv. viii. 34 So forth they yode, and forward softly paced. 1600 Fairfax Tasso xx. xcii, An armed stead fast by the Soldan yood. 1615 R. Brathwait Strappado (1878) 130 A lang youd I. a 1650 Glasgerion 46 in Furniv. & Hales Percy Folio I. 250 He did not kisse that Lady gay when he came nor when he youd. 1748 Thomson Cast. Indol. ii. xxxv, And much they moraliz'd as thus yfere they yode. 1808 Scott Marm. iii. xxxi, In other pace than forth he yode, Returned Lord Marmion. |
γ2. 4 ȝot, yot.
| 13.. E.E. Allit. P. A. 10, I leste hyr in on erbere, Þurȝ gresse to grounde hit fro me yot. c 1380 Sir Ferumb. 3690 A rideþ to Richard wyþ a spere,..& on þe scheld hym smot; þorȝ-out ys scheld..& iakke & ioupoun, þorȝ-out al it ȝot. |
(δ) 4 ȝud, 4–5 yude, (yhude, ȝhude, 5 ȝhuyde), 4–6 ȝude, 7 dial. yud, 7–8 dial. yewd.
| 1375 Barbour Bruce xii. 560 Quhill throu the byrneis brist the blud, That till the erd doune stremand ȝud [MS. Edin. ȝhude]. 1387 Trevisa Higden (Rolls) V. 423 Þe kyng meked hym, and ȝeede [MS. γ ȝude] barfoot. c 1425 Wyntoun Cron. ii. v. 330 His breþir..Slew a kyde and in þe blude Wet þe gowne þat he in ȝhuyde. ? a 1550 Freiris of Berwik 563 in Dunbar's Poems 303 And throw the myre full smertly than he ȝude. 1674 Ray N.C. Words 55 Yewd or Yod: Went, Yewing: Going. |
(ε) 5 yad.
| 1424 in Picton L'pool Munic. Rec. (1883) I. 23 The Sheriffs..yadden up to the West Derby fen. c 1435 Torr. Portugal 1192 His squiers habite he had, Whan he to the deyse yad. |
▪ II. † yode, v.2 Obs. rare.
[Pseudo-archaic use of prec. as infin. or pres.; cf. yede v.]
intr. To go.
| 1587 M. Grove Pelops & Hippod. (1878) 42 Then foorth one yodeth fast And sayes [etc.]. |
▪ III. yode
var. yaud, mare.