orchard
(ˈɔːtʃəd)
Forms: see below.
[orig. OE. ort-ᵹeard, parallel to Goth. aurti-gards garden, the first element of which is considered to be L. hortus (in late and med.L. ortus, It. orto) garden. Cf. Goth. aurtja gardener, and OHG. orzôn (:—*ortôjan) to cultivate. Already in 9th c., OE. ortᵹeard passed into orcᵹeard, orceard, whence ME. orchard; also, with recognition of the second element orch-yard, ort-yard, or, with later conformation to L. hortus, hort-yard.]
A. Illustration of Forms.
(α) 1 ortᵹeard, ordceard, 4 ortyerd, 6 ortyerde, ortȝard, ortiard, (ortesyerde), 6–7 ortyard, 7 ort-yard.
| c 897 K. ælfred Gregory's Past. xl. 292 To plantianne..swæ se ceorl deð his ortᵹeard. Ibid. xlix. 380 Hlyst hider, ðu þe eardast on friondes ortᵹearde [Hatt. orcᵹearde]. 1042 Charter in Kemble Cod. Dipl. IV. 72 Ða haᵹawon porte ðæt is se ordceard æt mærdice. c 1450 Cursor M. 10473 (Laud) In-to hir ortyerd [Cott. orchard] she yede anon. 1506 Will of Duckworth (Som. Ho.), The orte ȝarde. 1532 in Willis & Clark Cambridge (1886) II. 54 The Garden or ortȝard ouer ageinst the College. 1563 Ibid. I. 160 The gardeynes and ortesyerdes belonging to Gonevill. 1579 Stubbes Gaping Gulf F iij, Our Ortyards must be measured by the foote. 1693 Evelyn De la Quint., Orange Trees 1 In our Ort-yards and Olitorie Gardens. |
(
β) 1
orcᵹeard,
-ᵹyrd, 1–2
orceard, (1
orcird,
-yrd,
-erd), 3
orchærd, (
horechard), 3–6
orcharde, 3–
orchard; (4
orichard, 4–6
orcherd(e, 5
Sc. orchart, 6
ortchard,
north. orchert,
-erit).
| c 897 Orcᵹearde [see α]. c 1000–1100 Orceard, etc. [see B. 1 a]. a 1100 Gerefa in Anglia IX. 261 Timber cleofan, orceard ræran and mæniᵹe inweorc wyrcean. c 1205 Lay. 12955 Heo comen in ænne orchærd [c 1275 horechard]. a 1225 Ancr. R. 378 Ȝe beoð ȝunge impen iset in Godes orcharde. c 1300 Thrush & Nightingale 98 in Hazl. E.P.P. IV. 54 Ich habbe leue to ben here, In orchard and in erbere. a 1440 Sir Degrev. 615 In at an orcherd thei lepe, Y-armede as thei ware. c 1470 Henry Wallace viii. 740 Gud gardens gay, and orchartis gret thai spill. 1535 Coverdale Eccl. ii. 4, I made me ortchardes and gardens of pleasure. |
(
γ) 4
orchiard,
orcheȝerde,
-ȝarde,
-yerde, 4–6
orcheyarde, 5
orche-ȝerd,
orcheyerd, 6
orchiarde,
orchyarde,
orcheyard, 6–7
ortchyard, 7–8
orchyard.
| 13.. Cursor M. 8200 (Cott.) Wit-in his aun orchiard. c 1394 P. Pl. Crede 166 Orcheȝardes and erberes euesed well clene. c 1400 tr. Secreta Secret., Gov. Lordsh. 108 Lekyn þanne þi subgitz to oon orche-ȝerd. 1523 Fitzherb. Husb. §122 Set in a garden or an orchyarde. 1555 Eden Decades 11 To make gardeynes and orchiardes. |
(
δ) 6
horteyarde,
hortyeard, 6–7
hort(e)yard, 7
hort-yard: see
hortyard.
B. Signification.
1. An enclosed piece of ground for the purposes of horticulture.
† a. Formerly, in general sense, A garden, for herbs and fruit-trees.
Obs. b. Now, An enclosure for the cultivation of fruit-trees.
| a. c 1000 ælfric Gram. viii. (Z.) 28 Ortus, orceard [v.rr. orcird, orcyrd, orcᵹyrd, ordceard] oððe wyrtun. c 1000 ælfric Gen. ii. 8 God þa aplantode wynsumnisse orcerd..on þam he ᵹeloᵹode þone man þe he ᵹeworhte. a 1100 Ags. Voc. in Wr.-Wülcker 333/24 Ortus, orcyrd. Ortulanus, orcerdweard. 1387 Trevisa Higden (Rolls) I. 115 In þat orcheȝerde Crist was i-take [L. in quo horto captus fuit]. Ibid. VI. 31 [Mahomet's] paradys þe orchard of likynge [L. paradisum hortum scilicet deliciarum]. 1388 Wyclif Isa. i. 30 Whanne ye schulen be..as an orcherd [1382 gardyn, Vulg. hortus] with out watir. |
| b. c 1000 Sax. Leechd. III. 252 Beoð..hyra orcerdas mid æpplum afyllede. 1388 Wyclif Eccl. ii. 5, Y made ȝerdis and orcherdis [1382 gardynes and appil gardynes, Vulg. hortos et pomaria]. c 1440 Promp. Parv. 368/2 Orcherde, supra in appull-yerde, pomerium. c 1475 Pict. Voc. in Wr.-Wülcker 810/5 Hoc pomerium, a norchard. 1522 Test. Ebor. (Surtees) V. 149 The new ortyerde with the gardyns. 1600 Holland Livy xxii. xv. 441 Standing upon Hortyards [L. arbustum] and Vineyards. 1657 Trapp Comm. Job ii. 11 Their trees suddenly withered in their Ort-yards. 1796 C. Marshall Garden. iii. (1813) 44 An orchard is a spot to plant standard fruit in which are forbidden a place in the garden. 1838 Murray's Hand-bk. N. Germ. 285 Güls..is surrounded by orchards, which furnish cherries and walnuts in large quantities. 1845 Florist's Jrnl. 7 Orchards are portions of ground appropriated to the growth of fruit trees only. |
2. attrib. and
Comb., as
orchard-bird,
orchard bounds,
orchard-close,
orchard door,
orchard-fruit,
orchard ground,
orchard-land,
orchard side,
orchard tree,
orchard wall;
orchard-circled,
orchard-fresh adjs.;
orchard-breaker,
orchard-maker,
orchard-robber;
orchard grass, any grass grown in an orchard,
esp. in
U.S., the Cock's-foot Grass,
Dactylis glomerata;
orchard-house, a glass house for the protection of fruit that is either too delicate to be grown in the open air, or required to ripen earlier;
orchard oriole, a North American oriole (
Icterus spurius) which suspends its nest from the boughs of fruit and other trees.
| 1876 Lanier Poems, Psalm of West 446 We heard the *orchard-bird's small song. |
| 1725 Pope Odyss. xxiv. 260 Sets of flow'ry thorn, Their *orchard-bounds to strengthen and adorn. |
| 1818 Scott Guy M. vi, He detected poachers, black-fishers, *orchard-breakers, and pigeon-shooters. |
| 1889 W. B. Yeats Wanderings of Oisin 90 They will lead her home again To the *orchard-circled farm. |
| 1844 E. B. Browning Lost Bower in Poems II. 100 In the pleasant *orchard closes, ‘God bless all our gains,’ say we. 1881 O. Wilde Poems 116 Past sombre homestead and wet orchard-close. 1922 E. K. Chambers in Poems of Today 2nd Ser. 101, I like to think how Shakespeare..ate his pippin in his orchard close. |
| 1900 Daily News 12 Sept. 5/1 A visit to the *orchard country in the garden of England is a revelation. |
| a 1847 Eliza Cook Birds 11 The *orchard-deck'd land. |
| 1535 Coverdale Susanna 17 Shut the *orcharde dore. |
| 1971 Countryman Autumn 201/2 (Advt.), Direct delivery in own transport to most areas (south of and incl. Glasgow) to reach you in *orchard-fresh condition. |
| 1664 Evelyn Kal. Hort. (1729) 222 Now..gather your last *Orchard-Fruits. |
| 1765 Ann. Reg. ii. 144/2 A seed of the plant which they call *orchard grass. 1882 Garden 8 Apr. 244/1 Orchard Grass should never be made into hay. 1884 Miller Plant-n., Orchard Grass, Dactylis glomerata. |
| 1858 Glenny Gard. Every-day Bk. 206/1 These *Orchard Houses, as they are called, may answer well where there is no lengthened frost after April comes in. |
| 1687 Southampton Rec. (1877) II. 55 One acre for his *orchard land. 1903 Daily Chron. 4 Mar. 7/1 In the orchard-land of Normandy the privately distilled liquor is..a recognized medium of exchange. 1938 [see grain-land s.v. grain n.1 18 a]. 1977 P. G. Winslow Witch Hill Murder ii. 126 The Brewster land was orchard land. |
| 1721 Strype Eccl. Mem. I. lii. 393 Many gardiners and *orchyard makers. |
| 1868 Wood Homes without H. xiii. 242 The *Orchard Oriole, or Bob-o'-link..is equally notable for its skill in nest-building. |
| 1562 Turner Herbal ii. 108 Dioscorides writeth of..the *ortiard Peartre..and of the wyld Pere tre. |
| 1859 Smiles Self Help 63 Scapegrace, *orchard-robber, shoe-maker, cudgel-player, and smuggler. |
| c 1345 Orpheo 64 [She] walked in the undertyde To pley in hur *orchardsyde. |
| 1627 tr. Bacon's Life & Death (1651) 4 Wilde trees, in comparison of *Orchard-trees. 1876 J. Saunders Lion in Path i, The murmur of orchard trees brushing together softly. |
| 1592 Shakes. Rom. & Jul. ii. ii. 63 The *Orchard walls are high, and hard to climbe. 1633 P. Fletcher Purple Isl. i. ii, Where by the orchyard walls The learned Chume with stealing water crawls. |