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hickwall

hickwall local.
  (ˈhɪkwəl)
  Forms: α. 5 hyghwhele, 6 highwale, hucholl, hewhall, 6–7 hewel(l, 7– hew-hole. β. 7 highaw(e, heighaw, heyhoe, hiho, 7–8 high-hoe, 9 haihow; 9 heighhold. (Cf. high-hole, hecco.) γ. 6 hechewall, 6– hickwall; also 6 hicwaw, 7 hicway, 7–8 hickway. (Cf. witwall.) δ. 9 hickle, hickol, heckle, ickwell, ickle, eckle, eacle, eaqual, ecall, eikle, eekle. (Cf. yuckle.) ε. 8 hufil, 9 hefful. (Cf. yaffle.)
  [A word of comparatively late appearance in writing, of which the original form and derivation are difficult to determine amid the variety of spellings in which it is found from the 16th c. onwards. It is probable that all these go back to imitations of the ‘loud laughing note’ of the bird, of which the early form hygh-whele (? = hyxwɛl) may be an imitation (already perhaps modified so as to make it articulate). Closely allied to this are the series hueholl, hewhole, and heighaw, high-hoe, highhole, accommodated by popular etymology to the habits of the bird. The series hickwall, hicwaw, hickway may easily have arisen from an earlier (hyxwɛl), by the hardening of gh to k (as in heahfore, heyghfer, hekfer, heckfer (heifer), and the words hext, next), although the second element takes the appearance of being = OE. waᵹ, ME. wagh, and mod. wall, and the first has been explained as a derivative form of hack vb., quasi ‘that which hacks walls’. From hickwaw Drayton's hecco, and the modern hickle, ickle series, are obvious phonetic descendants. Finally, hefful, hufil, show f for earlier gh (x), and thus attach themselves likewise to (hyxwɛl). There is perh. some attraction between some of these forms and the names yuckle, yaffle, which appear to represent an earlier *youchel, *yawchel, parallel to (hyxwɛl); and there may have been similar mutual influence between hickwall and witwall, the latter prob. orig. = ME. wodewale, woodwall.]
  The Green Woodpecker.

α 14.. MS. Arundel 249 lf. 90 Hygh-whele, picus. c 1532 G. Du Wes Introd. Fr. in Palsgr. 911 The high-wale, lespec. 1562 Turner Herbal ii. 25 Like vnto y⊇ ende of the tonge of an hueholl or wodspike. 1570 Levins Manip. 13/41 Hewhall, vireo. Ibid. 56/13 Hewell, bird, vireo. a 1678 Marvell Appleton House 558 Yet that worm triumphs not long But serves to feed the hewel's young. 1678 Ray Willughby's Ornith. 135 The green Woodpecker, or Woodspite, called also the Rain-fowl, High-hoe, and Hew-hole. 1797–1804 T. Bewick Brit. Birds (1847) I. 276 heading, The Green Woodpecker..Hew-hole.


β 1611 Cotgr., Epiche, a Speight..Wood-pecker, or Highaw. Ibid., Prinard, a Heighaw, or Wood-pecker. 1674 Ray Collect. Words 84 (Halliw.) Heyhoe, the green wood⁓pecker. 1678 [see α]. 1688 R. Holme Armoury ii. xiii. 308/2 Woodspite, Hickwall, Witwall, Hiho, Red Sparrow. 1879 G. F. Jackson Shropsh. Word-bk., Haihow,..the Green Woodpecker.—Bridgnorth.


γ 1546 Langley Pol. Verg. De Invent. i. xvii. 30 b, The Hechewal, if a wedge be driuen into the whole of her nest..compelleth it to fall out with an herbe that she knoweth. 1573–80 Baret Alv. H 416 An Hickwall, or witwall, vireo. 1580 Hollyband Treas. Fr. Tong, Pic,..a birde called a Speicht or Hicwaw. 1601 Holland Pliny I. 351 The Wrinecke or Hickway, with some few others, haue two [toes] before and other two behind. 1611 Florio, Picchio,..a bird called a wood hacker, a wood wall, a wood pecker, a tree iobber, a hickway. 1661 Lovell Hist. Anim. & Min. Introd., The woodpecker..nutjobber..witwal, hickwall..creeper. 1708 Motteux Rabelais iv. lxii. (1737) 254 This same Herb your Hickways, alias Woodpeckers use. 1824 Cary tr. Aristoph. Birds iii. i. 109 Those carpenter fowls, the hickwalls, Who with their beaks did hack the gates out workmanly. 1890 Gloucestersh. Gloss., Hickwall, the green woodpecker.


δ 1876 S. Warwicksh. Gloss., Hickle, the green woodpecker. 1879 G. F. Jackson Shropsh. Word-bk., Ecall,..the Green Woodpecker. 1882 W. Worcs. Gloss., Eacle, the Woodpecker. 1885 Swainson Prov. Names Birds 99 Green Woodpecker..Eccle (Oxfordshire). Icwell (Northants). Eaqual or Ecall (Salop). Yuckel (Wilts). Yockel (Salop). 1890 Gloucestersh. Gloss., Heckle, the green woodpecker (Heref.).


ε 1788 W. Marshall Yorks. Gloss., Hufil,..woodpecker. 1828 Craven Dial., Hefful, a wood-pecker, a heigh-hold.

Oxford English Dictionary

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