endue, indue, v.
(ɛn-, ɪnˈdjuː)
Forms: α. 5–7 endew, 5– endue; β. 5–7, indew, (6 yndue), 5– indue.
[ad. OF. enduire (also in semi-learned form induire), corresp. to Pr. endurre, Cat. induir, It. indurre (cf. the ‘learned’ forms Sp. inducir, Pg. induzir, It. inducere):—L. indūcĕre (see induce), f. in into, on + dūcĕre to lead, draw. The etymological senses ‘lead into’, ‘draw into’, ‘lead on’, ‘draw on’, account for the Eng. senses 1–6, which approximately follow the senses of OF. enduire, induire. In senses 5–6, however, the word was associated with the nearly synonymous L. induĕre to put on (a garment), which it often renders in early translations from Latin. (Perhaps it would not be incorrect to say that the L. induĕre was adapted in a form coinciding with that of the verb ad. OF. enduire.) Senses 7–9 are of mixed origin: they are partly derived from the fig. use of sense 6 ‘to clothe’ (cf. invest); but the forms endew, indew in 15th c. (sense 8) are etymologically equivalent to endow (cf. OF. deu 1 pers. pres. indic. of doër to endow). Hence in 16th and 17th c. the verb endue had all the senses of endow in addition to those which it derived from OF. enduire and L. induĕre. In sense 9 the meanings proceeding from the three sources have so completely coalesced that it is often impossible to say which of them is the most prominent in a particular use of the word.
The form endue is now the more common in all the living senses, though some writers employ it and indue indiscriminately, while others appropriate the latter to those uses (esp. senses 5, 6) which suggest an etymological connexion with L. induere. The obs. sense 2, when referred to by mod. writers, has commonly the spelling endew.]
I. To bring in, introduce.
† 1. To induct (a spiritual person) into a living, or (a secular person) into a lordship. In ME. const. in (= into). Obs.
| c 1400 Apol. Loll. 50 For bischoppis, abbots, or oþer personis, to be putt in þer segis, or prestis to be induyd, or inled in Kirks. 1460 J. Capgrave Chron. 256 Othir dukes he schal endewe in the lordchippis of Itaile. |
II. [after Fr. enduire.]
† 2. Of a hawk: In early use, app. = ‘to put over’, i.e. to pass (the food contained in the ‘gorge’) into the stomach; in later use, to digest. (In 15th c. only absol.; from 16th c. also, to endue her gorge, her meat.) Hence transf. of other animals or of persons: To digest. Obs.
| α c 1430 Bk. Hawkyng in Rel. Ant. I. 296 And ye shall say this hawke is ful y-gorged, and hath endewedd, or i⁓put over. 1486 Bk. St. Albans A vij a, An hawke enduth neuer as long as hir bowellis bene full at her fedyng. a 1528 Skelton Col. Cloute 216 Your gorge not endewed Without a capon stewed. 1530 Palsgr. 643/1, I mute, as a hauke dothe whan she hath endued her gorge. 1577 B. Googe Heresbach's Husb. iv. (1586) 161 b, Give them [fowls] no newe, till you perceive..that the olde bee endewed. 1615–33 Latham Falconry Gloss., Endew, is when a Hawke digesteth her meat, not onely putting it ouer from her gorge, but also cleansing her pannell. 1622 Fletcher Sp. Curate v. ii, A good stomach will endue it easilie. 1626 Donne Serm. lxviii. 684 Meat..such as they are able to digest and endue. 1708 Motteux Rabelais v. ii, They eat and drank like men..endued or digested like men. 1721 in Bailey. |
| β 1575 Turberv. Bk. Falconrie 327 Shee will have indewed it out of hande. 1615 Latham Falconry (1633) 85 If the stomacke..do not digest and indue well. 1618 ― 2nd Bk. Falconry (1633) 114 Small birds..are meetest for that purpose, and easiest to be indued. |
† b. fig. To take in, ‘inwardly digest’. Obs.
| 1596 Spenser F.Q. iii. x. 9 None but she it vewd, Who well perceived all, and all indewd. |
† 3. intr. To be digested. Obs. rare.
| c 1575 Perfect Bk. for kepinge Sparhawkes (1886) 7 Meates w{supc}{suph} endew sonest and maketh the hardest panell. |
† III. 4. To lead on; to bring up, educate, instruct. Obs. [See examples of enduire in Godef.]
| 1526 Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 16 The purpose of God was so to endewe man that he sholde neuer thynke this worlde his fynall habitacyon. 1541 Paynel Catiline iii. 4 He was indued and brought up in conditions like Catiline. 1580 Baret Alv. I. 135 To indue, instruct, or teach, imbuo. 1581 J. Bell Haddon's Answ. Osor. 323 Paule..endued you at the first with a farre other manner of doctrine. |
† b. To bring to a certain state or condition. Obs. rare—1.
| 1604 Shakes. Oth. iii. iv. 146 For let our finger ake, and it endues Our other healthfull members, euen to a sense Of paine. |
IV. To put on as a garment; to clothe or cover. [Influenced by L. induere.]
5. To assume, take upon oneself (a different form) [cf. L. induere personam, etc.]; in later use, to put on (garments, etc.). Also fig.
| 1432–50 tr. Higden (Rolls) I. 369 A man and a woman be constreynede to indue an other forme. 1596 Spenser F.Q. iii. vi. 35 Infinite shapes of creatures there are bred..Some fitt for reasonable sowles t' indew. 1626 G. Sandys Ovid's Met. xi. 232 Next, Phantasus..indues a tree, Earth, water, stone. 1814 Scott Wav. xii, The Baron..had indued a pair of jack-boots of large dimensions. 1830 Tennyson Poems 122 Could I..indue i' the spring Hues of fresh youth. 1848 Lytton Harold xii. vii, Who had not yet endued his heavy mail. 1859 J. H. Stirling Crit. Ess. Tennyson (1868) 71 How perfectly Tennyson can endue what state of mind he pleases. 1880 R. Broughton Sec. Th. II. iii. v. 209 Regarding..the perfectly new Tweed suit which..he has endued. |
6. To clothe (a person) with.
| 1432–50 tr. Higden (Rolls) I. 239 The victor was induede with the coote of Iupiter. a 1700 Dryden tr. Ovid's Met. Wks. 1821 XII. 147 Endu'd with robes of various hue. 1850 Hawthorne Scarlet L. viii. (1879) 123 A loose gown..such as elderly gentlemen loved to endue themselves with. 1866 R. Chambers Ess. Ser. i. 182 His feet are raised upon the fender..he is endued with slippers and gown. |
b. transf.
| a 1649 Drummond of Hawthornden Fam. Ep. Wks. (1711) 136 The spring the woods with new [leaves] indews. 1857–8 Sears Athan. iv. 27 Every particle of the poor dust that has ever indued us. 1869 Blackmore Lorna D. ii. (ed. 12) 7 John Fry's..hat was indued with a plume of marsh-weed. 1875 Wonders Phys. World II. iv. 305 This species indued in a thick shaggy fur. |
† c. To overlay, cover. [The current sense of Fr. enduire.] Obs. rare.
| 1644 Evelyn Mem. (1857) I. 128 The miraculous Sudarium indued with the picture of our Saviour's face. 1794 Blumenbach Mummies in Phil. Trans. LXXXIV. 187 The hard compact ones, wholly indued with rosin. |
V. To ‘invest’ or endow with dignities, possessions, qualities, etc.
† 7. To invest with honours, dignity, etc. Obs.
| 1565 T. Randolph in Ellis Orig. Lett. 1 184. II. 201 All dignities that she cane indue hym with, are all reddie given and graunted. 1513–75 Diurn. Occurr. (1833) 70 The quenis grace..maid thir personis following knychtis, and indewit thame with the honour thairof. |
† 8. To invest (a person or body of persons) with property; = endow v. 2. Const. of. Obs.
| c 1440 Promp. Parv., Induyn, doto. c 1449 Pecock Repr. 347 Founders and Endewers of eny persounes or comountees, if thei endewiden so richeli..weren not..to be blamed. 1494 Fabyan vii. 370 He sette therin monkes of Cisteaux ordre, whyte monkes, and endewed them with ryche possessyons. 1496–7 Plumpton Corr. 124 That it wyll please your sayd mastership to indue this woman in some lordship of yours of xx marke duryng hir lyfe. 1529 Act 21 Hen. VIII, c. 13 Noo..Parsonage that hath a Vicar indued, nor any Benefice perpetually appropriate. 1568 Grafton Chron. II. 258 The same Jaques had promised the king..to endue his sonne the Prince of Wales therewith [Flaundyrs]. 1579 Fenton Guicciard. (1618) 231 To indue his brother with Ecclesiastical reuenues. 1590 Greene Never too Late C iij, What substance hath Francesco to endue thee with? 1611 Bible Gen. xxx. 20 And Leah said, God hath endued me with a good dowry. 1647 Lilly Chr. Astrol. xviii. 102 A man modestly indued with the Goods and Fortune of this world. |
† b. To endow (an institution). Obs.
| α 1539 Act 31 Hen. VIII, c. 5 The king hath of late erected..a goodly sumptuous house..and the same endewed with parkes, orchardes, gardein. 1565 J. Calfhill Answ. Treat. Crosse (1846) 207 Constantinus..liberally did endue the church. 1601 F. Godwin Bps. of Eng. 232 [He] very largely endued..the Abbey of Eynsham. 1603 Knolles Hist. Turks (1621) 838 How to endue the same with lands and revenues sufficient. |
| β 1462 J. Paston in Lett. 461 II. 113 Sir John Fastolf..mad his will in especiall that a college of vij monks shuld be stabilisshed, founded, and indewed. 1538 Leland Itin. I. 10 St. Thomas Hospitale is..induid with sum Landes, al by the Citisens of Northampton. |
† c. To supply with anything. Obs.
| 1595 Shakes. John iv. ii. 43 More strong [reasons] I shall indue you with. 1607 ― Cor. ii. iii. 147 The Tribunes endue you with the Peoples Voyce. |
† d. To bestow, grant. Const. dat. of pron.; cf. endow v. 1 c. Obs. rare.
| 1587 M. Grove Pelops & Hipp. (1878) 55 Let Clio muse to paint the gifts, which Ioue doth her endue. |
9. To invest with a power or quality, a spiritual gift, etc. Often in pass. to be endued with = to be possessed of (a certain quality).
Nearly synonymous with endow; the two verbs may often be used interchangeably, but in mod. use endow suggests that the power or quality is of the nature of a permanent advantage.
| α 1447 O. Bokenham Seyntys (1835) 13 With vertuhs ful excellently In hyr soule inward endewyd was she. 1509 Fisher Fun. Serm. C'tess Richmond (1708) 8 She being endued with so grete towardness of Nature. 1605 Bacon Adv. Learn. i. iii. §6 Learning endueth mens mindes with a true sence of the frailtie of their persons. 1616 Hieron Wks. II. 37 Was it with what religion is the woman endewed, or with what portion is shee endowed? 1669 Boyle Contn. New Exp. ii. (1682) 27 The Apples seemed..endued with a most pleasant Taste. 1709 Berkeley Ess. Vision §86 Our sight would be endued with a far greater sharpness. 1736 Butler Anat. i. i. Wks. 1874 I. 14 We know we are endued with capacities of action, of happiness and misery. 1791 Cowper Iliad xvii. 898 Two mules with strength for toil endued. 1874 Holland Mistr. Manse xxi. 92 Contented with the hue which endues its wings with beauty. |
| β 1536 R. Beerley in Four C. Eng. Lett. 34 Most reuerent lord yn God..ynduyd with all grace and goodnes. 1655 Fuller Ch. Hist. i. i. §17 An oake in New Forest..is indued with the same quality, putting forth leaves about the same time. 1692 Washington tr. Milton's Def. Pop. ii. (1851) 63 Kings, tho indued with the Supream Power are not..Lords over the People. 1727 Pope, etc. Art Sinking 118 The less a man is indued with any virtue, the more need he has to have it plentifully bestowed. 1754 Edwards Freed. Will iii. iii. 156 Let us suppose a Scale of a Balance..indued with a self-moving Power. 1860 Holland Miss Gilbert xvii. 305 A heart indued and informed with love for God and man. |
† b. Of a quality, etc.: To be inherent in. Obs.
| 1631 Milton Sonn. ii. 8 And inward ripeness doth much less appear, That some more timely-happy spirits endu'th. 1655–60 Stanley Hist. Philos. (1701) 27/2 Whose Souls deceit and vanity endue. |
Hence † enˈduable a., capable of being invested with, or put in possession of. Const. of. † enˈduer, one who invests a person or body of persons (with lands, etc.).
| 1558 Richmond. Wills (1853) 124 Of the whyc my sayd wyffe schal be endewebl accordyng to comone lawys. c 1449 [See endue v. 8]. |