nucleo-
(ˈnjuːklɪəʊ)
modern combining form of L. nucleus, used in a number of compounds, chiefly biological, as nucleo-albumin, nucleo-albuminous, nucleo-chylema, nucleo-chyme, nucleo-hyaloplasm, nucleo-idioplasm, nucleo-phosphoric, nucleo-proteid, etc.; ˌnucleo-cytoˈplasmic a., existing or taking place between the nucleus and the cytoplasm; relating the nucleus to the cytoplasm (with respect to some property); nucleoˈgenesis, the formation of nuclei; spec. = nucleosynthesis below; nucleoˈhistone (also formerly -ˈhiston) Biochem., a nucleoprotein in which the protein component is a histone; nucleoˈprotamine Biochem., any nucleoprotein in which the protein component is a protamine; † nucleoproteid Biochem. = nucleoprotein; nucleoˈsynthesis Astr., the cosmic formation of atoms more complicated than the hydrogen atom; hence nucleosynˈthetic a.
| 1892 Syd. Soc. Lex., *Nucleo-albumins, compounds of nuclein and proteids, chiefly globulin, found in the protoplasm of cells and in bile. 1896 Allbutt's Syst. Med. I. 526 Gamaleia extracted poisonous substances from the bodies of the dead bacteria, which he classified as nucleins and nucleo-albumins. |
| 1895 *Nucleo-albuminous [see nucleo-histon]. |
| 1889 Q. Jrnl. Microsc. Sci. XXX. 211 To the nuclear sap which fills the spaces in the Nucleohyaloplasm he [Strasburger] gives the name *Nucleochylema. |
| 1894 Foster Med. Dict., *Nucleochyme.., the more fluid, hyaline substance of a cell-nucleus. |
| 1905 Publ. Carnegie Inst. Washington No. 37. 66 In order that the *nucleo-cytoplasmic equilibrium may be maintained, it [sc. the ascus] must be provided with an excess of nuclear material as compared with the other cells of the ascogenous hyphæ and the ascogonium. 1956 Nature 4 Feb. 236/2 The mean nucleo-cytoplasmic ratio was then measured by the method of Chalkley. 1968 H. Harris Nucleus & Cytoplasm p. vii, The object of this book..is to provide an introduction to some of the salient problems in the field of nucleo-cytoplasmic relationships. |
| 1952 Industr. & Engin. Chem. June 1276/1 One of the more practical results of the theory of *nucleo⁓genesis is the explanation and the guidance..it has offered in preparing monodisperse colloids. 1955 Nature 16 July 130/2 If the assumptions..are valid,..all the radioactive elements with half-lives short compared to 4 × 108 yr. would have decayed in the time interval between nucleogenesis and the formation of the Earth. 1974 Physics Bull. Oct. 464/3 Nucleogenesis in stars. |
| 1895 Jrnl. Chem. Soc. LXVIII. ii. 52 The active agent in [blood] coagulation is regarded as a nucleo-albuminous substance, named *nucleo-histon. 1914 Chem. Abstr. VIII. 714 There is no reason to assume that nucleohistones contain any other but the genuine nucleic acid. 1964 G. H. Haggis et al. Introd. Molecular Biol. ix. 236 Nucleic acids carry a large net negative charge, and the protein and nucleic acid components of nucleoprotamines and nucleohistones are held together largely by electrostatic forces. |
| 1888 Nature 1 Nov. 5/1 The author prefers to speak of the *nucleo-hyaloplasm with Schwarz, as Linin. 1892 Syd. Soc. Lex., Nucleohyaloplasm.., applied by Strasburger to the hyaline ground substance in which chromatin spherules are embedded. |
| Ibid., *Nucleo⁓idioplasm, the part of the nucleus which consists of Idioplasm. |
| 1898 Allbutt's Syst. Med. V. 647 By some observers, other substances—gluten, leucin, *nucleo-phosphoric acid, guanin—have been found as abnormal bodies. |
| 1929 Chem. Abstr. XXIII. 4724 (heading) The behavior of *nucleoprotamine and its components in animal metabolism. 1956 Nature 31 Mar. 603/1 The X-ray data indicate that the molecule [of DNA] has two grooves of unequal depths, and that in the nucleoprotamines the polypeptide chains lie inside these grooves. 1971 D. M. P. Phillips Histones & Nucleohistones iii. 121 A conformation similar to the extended-chain form of protamine in nucleoprotamine could be present. |
| 1886 Jrnl. Chem. Soc. L. 1051 The author [sc. E. Merck] calls ‘*nucleo-proteïds’ substances which, when boiled with water under pressure or treated with acids, alkalis, or ferments, are resolved into nucleïn and albumin. 1914 M. Drummond tr. Haberlandt's Physiol. Plant Anat. viii. 415 The reserve proteins include the various globulins, vitellins..and albumoses, also certain nucleoproteids. |
| 1960 Wasserburg, Fowler, & Hoyle in Physical Rev. Lett. IV. 113/1 There is considerable uncertainty as to the exact time dependence of stellar evolution and *nucleosynthesis in the Galaxy. 1960 Fowler & Hoyle in Ann. Physics X. 281 Type I supernovae were considered to be the only events rapid enough for nucleosynthesis. [Note] We use the term nucleosynthesis rather than nucleogenesis for good reason. We refer..to the synthesis of the elements beyond hydrogen from..the proton, and the neutron... We reserve genesis for the creation of matter-energy. 1963 E. Anders in Middlehurst & Kuiper Moon, Meteorites & Comets xiii. 458 A second model, involving continuous nucleosynthesis throughout the Galaxy, must be considered. 1965 Ann. Rev. Astron. & Astrophysics III. 227 Reynold's discovery was first interpreted as indicating a surprisingly short time-interval between the end of nucleosynthesis and the formation of the solar system. 1971 Nature 3 Sept. 39/2 It is now clear that while this effect is operating, a large amount of nucleosynthesis takes place early in the life of a galaxy. |
| 1960 Physical Rev. Lett. IV. 113/1 The *nucleosynthetic processes during which iodine was made were instantaneous. 1973 Physics Bull. Nov. 652/1 This high percentage of helium apparently could not have been produced by the kind of nucleosynthetic processes currently occurring in stars. |
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ˌnucleochroˈnology Astron., a series of nuclear species arranged in the supposed chronological order of their synthesis within a star, etc.; also, the study of relative abundances of nuclear species as a means of dating stages in stellar nucleosynthesis.
| 1970 Astrophysical Jrnl. CLX. l157 The quantity of importance in *nucleochronology calculations is..the ratio of the production ratio to the measured abundance ratio for species i and j. 1974 Sci. Amer. Jan. 77/2 The nucleochronologies yield an age that is quite consistent with the ages calculated from the expansion of the universe and from the stellar populations of the globular clusters. 1982 D. N. Schramm in C. A. Barnes et al. Ess. Nuclear Astrophysics xv. 325 The origin of the neutron-rich heavy elements has had important applications in astrophysics, particularly with regard to the development of nucleochronologies..and recently with regard to isotopic anomalies in meteorites. |
hence
ˌnucleochronoˈlogical a.| 1970 Astrophysical Jrnl. CLXII. 67 It has been shown that the *nucleochronological equations can be decoupled such that the long-lived isotopes yield the mean age of the elements..regardless of the time-dependent model used. 1987 Q. Jrnl. R. Astron. Soc. XXVIII. 345 This is well within the error bars on Fowler's nucleochronological age for the Universe. |