Holy Ghost
(ˈhəʊlɪ ˈgəʊst)
[Properly two words (see holy a., ghost 6), and so always treated in OE., se hálᵹa gást, háliᵹ gást, but in ME. very generally as a combination, haligast, holigost; since 1500 again usually written as two words, but treated as a proper name or individual designation, and, as such, taken as a whole in the transferred and derivative uses.]
1. The Divine Spirit; the Third Person of the Godhead, the Holy Spirit.
| a 900 Halsuncge in Durh. Rit. (Surtees) 114 Ic eow halsiᵹe on fæder naman, and on suna naman..and on ðæs halᵹan gastes. c 1000 Ags. Gosp. Matt. i. 20 Hyt ys of þam halᵹan gaste. c 1160 Hatton G. Ibid., Hyt is of þan halȝen gaste. c 1175 Lamb. Hom. 101 Efter þes halȝa gastes to⁓cume. c 1200 Trin. Coll. Hom. 119 Þus hie seȝen þe holi gost on tungene euene. a 1225 Juliana 2 On his deorewurðe sunes nome, ant o þes haligastes. c 1250 Gen. & Ex. 2428 Quuor ali gast stille hadde seid.. Quuor iesu crist wulde ben boren. a 1300 Cursor M. 19349 Wit haligast he has us sent. c 1320 Cast. Love 562 Þorw God þe Holigostes miht. a 1340 Hampole Psalter xvii. 13 Þe haly gast..þat is makere of haly writ. 1377 Langl. P. Pl. B. xii. 141 For þe heihe holigoste [v.r. hye holygost] heuene shal to⁓cleue. c 1394 P. Pl. Crede 836 A man..Þat myȝte wiþ his good lijf þat Holly Gost fongen. c 1450 tr. De Imitatione iii. vi. 70 Þe holigost þe comfortour. 1483 Cath. Angl. 171/2 Þe Halygaste, consolator, paraclitus. 1535 Joye Apol. Tindale (Arb.) 46 The holigost also before y{supt} declaring hym. 1548–9 Bk. Com. Prayer, Ordering Priests, Receiue the holy goste. 1621 Burton Anat. Mel. iii. i. i. ii. (1651) 416 The Holy Ghost is the love of the Father and the Son. 1627 J. Cosin tr. 9th c. Latin Hymn, Come, Holy Ghost, our souls inspire. a 1699 Stillingfl. Serm. III. v. (R.), He..bestowed these miraculous gifts of the Holy-Ghost on the Apostles. 1842 Tennyson St. Sim. Styl. 216 For by the warning of the Holy Ghost, I prophesy that I shall die to⁓night. 1875 Manning Mission H. Ghost i. 1 The Spirit of the Lord is God the Holy Ghost, and the Holy Ghost fills the whole world. |
b. Order of the Holy Ghost, a French order of Knighthood (ordre du Saint-Esprit), instituted by Henry III in 1578. So Knight of the Holy Ghost; Cross of the Holy Ghost: see quot. 1727–41.
| 1686 J. Sergeant Hist. Monast. Convent. 98 The Order of the Holy Ghost in France was Instituted by Henry the Third, in memory of his Nativity, Election to the Polonian Kingdom, and his coming to..the Crown of France, all which hapned on Whitsunday. 1696 Lond. Gaz. No. 3241/3 Paris, Dec. 3... There is to be a Promotion of the Knights of the Holy Ghost very suddenly. 1727–41 Chambers Cycl. s.v., Before they receive the order of the holy Ghost, that of S. Michael is conferred, as a necessary step; for which reason their arms are surrounded with a double collar. Ibid., Cross of the Holy Ghost, consists of a circle in the middle, and on it the holy Ghost in figure of a dove: the four arms are drawn narrow from the centre, and widening to the ends.. This is the cross worn by the Knights of the order. |
2. a. The figure of a dove as a symbol of the Holy Spirit. b. The cross of the Order of the Holy Ghost: see 1 b.
| 1520 Mem. Ripon (Surtees) III. 180 Pro nova factura cujusdam nebulæ pro lee Holy Goost. 1558 Will of M. Ellys (Somerset Ho.), Rynge of golde w{supt} a Holy goste in y{supt}. 1725 Lond. Gaz. No. 6404/1 His Star and Holy Ghost were of Diamonds. |
3. (Also Holy Ghost's root.) The plant Angelica, Archangelica officinalis. (Erroneously taken as Angelica sylvestris.)
| 1585 J. Higins tr. Junius' Nomenclator 136/2 Sphondylium..the holye ghostes roote: Angelica. 1863 Prior Plant-n., Holy Ghost, so called ‘for the angel-like properties therein’. 1879 Britten & Holland Plant-n., Holy Ghost, Arch⁓angelica officinalis. |
4. attrib., as in Holy Ghost flower, -plant, an orchid, Peristeria elata, also called dove-plant, from the resemblance of part of the flower to a dove; Holy Ghost pear = avocado (from a mistaken rendering of this as ‘advocate’).
| 1866 Treas. Bot., Holy Ghost Flower, Peristeria elata. 1882 Garden 10 June 401/3 The Dove plant..the beautiful Holy Ghost flower of the Spaniards. 1885 A. Brassey The Trades 158 Specimens of the ‘Holy Ghost’ orchid, with the little dove brooding in the centre. 1889 Cent. Dict., Holy-Ghost pear. |