amino- Chem.,
(ˈæmɪnəʊ, əˈmaɪnəʊ, əˈmiːnəʊ)
combining form of amine, used spec. in names of compounds containing the group NH2 combined with a non-acid radical (thus distinguished from amido-, which in strict use denotes those with an acid radical). Also used without hyphen as a quasi-adj. Examples: amin(o-)aˈcetic acid = glycine; amino-acid, one of an important class of organic compounds represented by the general formula NH2·R·COOH, in which R is an aliphatic radical, having both basic and acidic properties; aminobenˈzoic acid, a crystalline acid, NH2·C6H4·COOH, of which the name of the ortho-compound is anthranilic acid; aminoˈphenol, one of a group of aromatic compounds of the type NH2·C6H4OH, used as components of certain dyes; aminoˈphyllin(e), a compound of theophylline and ethylenediamine, used as a diuretic and cardiotonic; aminoplastic, a plastic or synthetic resin derived from certain amino (or amido) compounds; also attrib. or adj. and in the shortened form ˈaminoplast; also amino resin; amiˈnopterin [shortened from amino-pteroyl-glutamic + -in], also called 4-aminopteroyl glutamic acid, a yellow crystalline compound used in the treatment of some kinds of leukæmia, as an insecticide, etc.
| 1887 A. M. Brown Anim. Alkaloids 85 The modes of syntheses of glycocolle or aminacetic acid and cyanide. 1898 Jrnl. Chem. Soc. LXXIV. 845/2 Glycocine (amino-acetic acid), as the chief amino-acid of sugar-cane. 1901 Jrnl. Chem. Soc. LXXX. i. 190 The acidity of an amino-acid depends on the electrochemical character of the groups near to the amino-nitrogen atom. 1904 Ibid. LXXXVI. i. 664 Electrolytic preparation of p-Aminophenol and its derivatives. Ibid. 806 p-Aminobenzoic acid may be acetylated by heating its sodium salt with glacial acetic acid. 1904 Goodchild & Tweney Technol. & Sci. Dict. 15/2 Benzene is C6H6; the compound C6H5NH2 is amino-benzene, commonly called aniline. Ibid., Amino compounds have the group NH2 replaced by OH when acted on by nitrous acids. 1906 Jrnl. Soc. Chem. Ind. XXV. 585/1 Manufacture of Aminophenols. 1910 Encycl. Brit. III. 756/2 Ortho-amino-benzoic acid, C6H4 . NH2 . COOH (anthranilic acid), is closely related to indigo. Ibid. V. 305/1 By the reduction of nitro-phenols, the corresponding aminophenols are obtained, and of these, the meta- and para- derivatives are the most important. 1910 Practitioner June 823 Practically all proteins are broken down by hydrolysis into the various amino-acids, out of which they were originally formed. 1934 Chem. Abstr. 7364 Action of theophylline-ethylenediamine (aminophyllin, metaphyllin) varied considerably. 1936 Mod. Plastics Oct. 312/1 Aminoplast, general term for synthetic resins from amino or amido compounds. 1938 Brit. Plastics IX. 387 Amino-Plastics..Increased attention [has been] given to amino- and other plastics. 1940 Brit Jrnl. Exper. Path. XXI. 89, p-amino-benzoic acid has high activity in antagonizing sulphanilamide inhibition... There is strong circumstantial evidence that the yeast factor may be p-aminobenzoic acid. 1940 Jrnl. R. Aeronaut. Soc. XLVI. 60 ‘Kaurit’ synthetic resin glue was used, a glue which is based on aminoplastics. 1945 New Biol. I. 16 Another 1·5 per cent [of a potato] consists in the main of amino acids. 1948 Lancet 2 Oct. 540/1 Aminopterin is a folic-acid antagonist. 1953 Sci. News. XXIX. 70 As a result of the protein breakdown there is a great increase in the amino-acid content of the cheese. 1955 Sci. News Let. 14 May 313/3 Chemicals like colchicine and aminopterin prevent cell division. Ibid. 28 May 345/2 She was given penicillin, digoxin for the heart, sedatives, morphine, aminophylline and streptomycin. 1958 Times Rev. Industry Feb. 77/2 Aminoplastic resins..showed a 20 per cent. increase on last year. 1958 Times 5 July 10/7 A number of o-amino-phenols are now known to induce cancer in the bladder. 1958 Oxford Mail 7 Oct. 1/1 The Pope's personal physician at one time administered aminophyllin and eupaperin when the signs of circulatory trouble in the brain set in. 1959 Chambers's Encycl. III. 361/1 The amino-acids, such as amino-acetic acid or glycine, CH2(NH2).COOH, are amphoteric substances, being both acidic and basic; they are of particular interest in biochemistry as the final products of the hydrolysis of proteins, such as egg-white, haemoglobin, collagen, and keratins. 1964 N. G. Clark Mod. Org. Chem. xii. 233 The characteristic functional group of primary amines, {b1}NH2, is called ‘amino-’; similarly, the simplest group characteristic of a tertiary amine, (CH3)2N{b1}, is known as ‘dimethylamino-’. Ibid. xxii. 446 A poly-functional derivative [of the aromatic amines], p-aminobenzoic acid, is widely distributed in nature in small amounts, and is an essential dietary factor for many bacteria and higher animals. |
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▸ aminobutyric acid n. Biochem. each of three crystalline, isomeric amino acids that are amino derivatives of butyric acid having the formula C4H9NO2; cf. gamma-aminobutyric acid n. at gamma n. Additions.
| [1880 Jrnl. Chem. Soc. 38 541 A deliquescent mass of crystals of β-amidobutyric acid, CHMe(NH2)·CH2·COOH, is obtained.] 1900 Jrnl. Chem. Soc. 78 i 557 When pyrrolidone is boiled with alkalis, concentrated hydrochloric acid, or barium hydroxide, it is converted into γ-*aminobutyric acid. 1962 U. Dardenne & G. Kirsten in A. Pirie Lens Metabolism 416 Aminobutyric acid, a component of ophthalmic acid,..and methionine occur in a higher concentration in lenses of older animals. 1983 Current Affairs Bull. Dec. 19/1 More likely it [sc. hydrogen cyanide gas] would be used for food by certain bacteria, resulting in the formation of relatively harmless compounds such as carbon dioxide and various organic acids—for example, amino butyric acid. |