thrombo-
(ˈθrɒmbəʊ)
before a vowel thromb-, combining form of Gr. θρόµβο-ς thrombus, a formative in some pathological and chemical terms, as thrombasˈthenia (also thrombo-) [ad. G. thrombasthenie (E. Glanzmann 1918, in Jahrb. f. Kinderheilkunde LXXXVIII. 28), f. Gr. ἀσθένεια (see asthenia)], a condition in which the number of platelets is normal but their clotting power is defective; so thromb(o)asˈthenic a.; thromˈbectomy Surg. [-ectomy], surgical removal of a thrombus from a blood vessel; ˌthromboangiˈitis obliterans (-ændʒɪˈaɪtɪs) [L. obliterans obliterating ppl. a.: see angio-] = Buerger's disease s.v. Buerger; ˈthrombo-arteˈritis, arterial inflammation producing thrombosis; ˈthrombocyst [mod.L. thrombocystis (Dunglison, 1857)], a cyst surrounding a clot of blood; thrombocythæmia, (U.S. -hemia) (-saɪtˈhiːmɪə) [ad. G. thrombozythämie (E. Epstein 1929, in Zeitschr. f. Stomatologie XXVII. 377): see hæmo-, hemo-], thrombocytosis, esp. when it is a persistent or primary condition; ˌthrombocytoˈpenia [ad. G. thrombocytopenie (H. Eppinger in L. Langstein et al. Enzykl. der klin. Med. (1920) v. 295): see -penia], a reduced number of platelets in the blood; hence ˌthrombocytoˈpenic a.; thrombocyˈtosis [-osis], a significantly increased number of platelets in the blood; thromboˈembolism, embolism of a blood vessel caused by the dislodgement of a thrombus from its site of origin; hence thromboemˈbolic a.; thromboˈembolus, an embolus consisting of a thrombus which has become dislodged from its site; ˌthromboendarter(i)ˈectomy Surg. [f. endo- + artery n. + -ectomy], an operation to remove a thrombus and part of the inner lining of an obstructed artery; ˈthrombogen, a hypothetical substance in the blood which converts fibrinogen into fibrin; the proenzyme of the fibrin-ferment; hence thromboˈgenic a., of or pertaining to thrombogen; producing coagulation; ˈthrombokinase (-kɪˌneɪs): see quot. s.v. thrombase; thromboˈpenia [-penia] = thrombocytopenia above; hence thromboˈpenic a.; thrombophleˈbitis, phlebitis due to obstruction of the vein by a thrombus; thromboˈplastic a. Med., causing or promoting the clotting of blood; thromboˈplastin Med. [-in1], a natural thromboplastic substance; now spec. an enzyme converting prothrombin to thrombin during the early stages of blood coagulation; thrombosˈthenin Biochem. [Gr. σθένος strength], a contractile protein or mixture of proteins in blood platelets; thromˈboxane Biochem. [f. ox- + -ane], any of several compounds formed from prostaglandin endoperoxides which, when released from blood platelets, induce platelet aggregation and constriction of arterial muscle.
| 1935 L. E. H. Whitby Disorders of Blood xiv. 276 (heading) Hereditary hæmorrhagic *thrombasthenia. 1962 Lancet 22 Dec. 1316/2 This thromboasthenia is a familial hæmorrhagic disease in which the platelet-count is normal but the bleeding-time prolonged and clot retraction defective. 1974 Passmore & Robson Compan. Med. Stud. III. xxi. 45/1 Hereditary thrombasthenia or Glanzmann's disease is characterized by abnormal platelet aggregation and clot retraction. |
| 1928 Jrnl. Laboratory & Clin. Med. XIII. 319 Chronic hereditary *thrombasthenic purpura..still requires further study before it can be definitely said that the blood platelets are wholly responsible for the condition. 1979 Nature 6 Dec. 622/1 T-transferase activity was measured in lysates obtained from platelets isolated from a thrombasthenic and a Bernard-Soulier patient, respectively. |
| 1910 Lippincott's New Med. Dict. 998/1 *Thrombectomy. 1945 Urologic & Cutaneous Rev. XL. 672/2 Thrombectomy is an extremely difficult and daring operation..but..in thrombosis of the renal vein prompt surgical intervention offers the only hope for a cure. 1972 D. A. K. Black Renal Dis. (ed. 3) vi. 165/1 Clinical improvement has been documented..with thrombectomy. |
| 1908 L. Buerger in Amer. Jrnl. Med. Sci. CXXXVI. 567 (heading) *Thrombo-angiitis obliterans: a study of the vascular lesions leading to presenile spontaneous gangrene. Ibid. 580 Taking the true nature of the lesion into consideration, I would suggest that the names ‘endarteritis obliterans’ and ‘arteriosclerotic gangrene’ be discarded in this connection, and that we adopt the terms ‘obliterating thrombo-angiitis’ of the lower extremities when we wish to speak of the disease under discussion. 1914 [see Buerger]. 1955 Sci. News Let. 11 May 377/2 The relation of cigarette smoking to thromboangiitis obliterans..is well established. 1974 Passmore & Robson Compan. Med. Stud. III. xvii. 18/2 In thromboangiitis obliterans the upper limbs are more frequently affected. |
| 1890 Billings Nat. Med. Dict., *Thromboarteritis. 1899 Allbutt's Syst. Med. VI. 205 An acute infective disease without anatomical lesions other than the thrombo-phlebitis, or thrombo-arteritis. |
| 1860 Mayne Expos. Lex. 1274/2 A cyst or membrane containing a clot of blood: a *thrombocyst. |
| 1966, 1972 *Thrombocythæmia [see thrombocytosis below]. 1977 Lancet 9 Apr. 775/1 Thrombocythæmia predisposes patients to thrombosis. |
| 1923 Arch. Internal Med. XXXII. 939 This constant diminution of the platelets without any known cause..has given rise to the modern name of essential thrombopenia..or better still, *thrombocytopenia. 1977 Thrombocytopenia [see thrombocytosis below]. |
| 1925 Jrnl. Amer. Med. Assoc. 20 June 1888 (caption) Blood platelet variations following splenectomy in the *thrombocytopenic group of Banti's disease. 1978 Detroit Free Press 14 Apr. 4b/1 Andra had a rare blood disease called thrombocytopenic purpura, in which a deficiency of platelets causes bleeding. |
| 1936 Jrnl. Amer. Med. Assoc. 21 Mar. 1005/2 (heading) Leukemia with *thrombocytosis. 1966 Wright & Symmers Systemic Path. I. iv. 187/2 In disease, the number of circulating platelets may be greatly raised (thrombocytosis, or thrombocythaemia). 1972 W. J. Williams et al. Hematology lxxxiii. 704/1 Whereas the symptomatic rise in the platelet count termed thrombocytosis may be substantial, it is temporary and self-limited. In thrombocythemia the platelet counts are higher..and persistently elevated: the condition is self-perpetuating and must be regarded as neoplastic. 1977 Lancet 9 Apr. 774/1 Thrombocytopenia caused by alcohol is reversible after alcohol withdrawal, and is followed by rebound thrombocytosis. |
| 1940 Acta Chir. Scand. Suppl. LXI. 37 The first signs of the *thrombo-embolic disease itself..can be venographically determined. 1981 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 7 Feb. 466/2 The best approach to the prophylaxis of thromboembolic disease is through low-dose heparin. |
| 1907 Jrnl. Amer. Med. Assoc. 27 July 360/1 (heading) Postoperative *thrombo-embolism. 1941 Archives Surg. XLIII. 462 In heparin there is available an almost infallible prophylactic against thromboembolism. 1970 Daily Tel. 17 July 2/8 Investigations showed that the increased risk of thrombo-embolism declined rapidly after the patient stopped taking the pill. |
| 1955 Sci. News Let. 17 Sept. 183/3 The primary reaction is the formation of plugs in arteries and veins. The plugs, or *thrombo⁓emboli as they are known technically, are made up of blood platelets stuck together. 1977 Lancet 29 Jan. 251/2 Fulton and Duckett report a significant correlation between high plasma-fibrogen levels..and thromboemboli. |
| 1948 Index Medicus XLIV. 1204/2 Aneurysmal development after dos Santos *thromboendarteriectomy. 1974 J. D. Maynard in R. M. Kirk et al. Surgery xi. 235/1 Thrombo-endarterectomy is successful in over 90 per cent of patients with disease above the inguinal ligaments. |
| 1899 Syd. Soc. Lex., *Thrombogen, producing or giving rise to clots. |
| Ibid., *Thrombogenic enzyme, an unorganised ferment having the power to cause clotting. 1908 Thrombogen, *Thrombokinase [see thrombase]. |
| 1915 Index Medicus XIII. (Subject Index) 166/1 *Thrombopenia. 1922 Nature 20 May 666/1 The absence of the fat-soluble vitamin from the diet leads, in the rat,..to a progressive diminution in the number of blood-platelets known as thrombopenia. 1981 Cancer XLVIII. 198/2 All staging systems isolate a high-risk group of patients defined by anemia and/or thrombopenia. |
| 1934 Lancet 21 Apr. 845/1 This *thrombopenic hæmorrhagic diathesis occurs regularly when the bone-marrow with its megacaryocytes has been extensively damaged by proliferating lymphadenoid..or neoplastic tissue. 1981 Cancer XLVIII. 202/1 The evidence was strong enough to justify putting anemic and thrombopenic patients aside. |
| 1896 Allbutt's Syst. Med. I. 654 *Thrombo-phlebitis and localised abscesses are by no means uncommon. |
| 1911 W. H. Howell in Amer. Jrnl. Physiol. XXIX. 189 They [sc. tissue extracts] furnish a substance, which may be designated as a *thromboplastic substance or thromboplastin. 1981 Obstetrics & Gynecol. LVII. 490/2 Acceleration of the rate of clotting of whole blood is due to the thromboplastic activity of amniotic fluid. |
| 1911 *Thromboplastin [see thromboplastic adj. above]. 1979 R. Hawkey Side-Effect xi. 86 We used a thromboplastin preparation... They're hardly likely to test for..thromboplastins. |
| 1961 Bettex-Galland & Lüscher in Biochim. & Biophysica Acta XLIX. 537 We have named this protein ‘*thrombosthenin’, firstly because of its role in thrombocyte function, and secondly because of its properties, which in many respects let it appear distinct from muscle actomyosin. 1974 Encycl. Brit. Macropædia II. 1107/2 There are about 250,000 platelets per cubic millimetre of blood... They..contain..a contractile protein (thrombosthenin) that allows platelets to extend and retract long footlike projections called pseudopodia. 1975 Nature 3 July 14/1 This new intermediate does not have a classical prostaglandin structure and has been named ‘*Thromboxane’.., because it is a very potent platelet aggregating agent. Since it is the first member of a new series of compounds and contains two double bonds it was further designated ‘Thromboxane A2’: its metabolite..becomes ‘Thromboxane B2.’ 1979 Ibid. 6 Sept. 14/3 Because of their fish diet, Greenland Eskimos have high plasma levels of eicosapentenoic acid which is the precursor of the three series of endoperoxides—prostaglandins, thromboxane and prostacyclin. |