ethyl

ethyl
  (ˈɛθɪl, ˈiːθaɪl)
  Also † ethule, 9 ethyle.
  [a. G. ethyl (J. Liebig 1834, in Ann. d. Pharm. IX. 18), f. ether: see -yl.]
  The univalent hydrocarbon radical C₂H₅{b1}, either as a group in an organic compound or as a short-lived free radical; ethyl acetate CH₃COOC₂H₅, ethyl acetoacetate CH₃COCH₂COOC₂H₅, ethyl alcohol C₂H₅OH, ethyl chloride C₂H₅Cl, ethyl ether = ether 6 a, ethyl formate HCOOC₂H₅, ethyl iodide C₂H₅I, ethyl iodoacetate CH₂I.COOC₂H₅ (a kind of teargas), ethyl nitrite C₂H₅NO₂.

1838 Penny Cycl. X. 49/2 Ethereum (as it is termed by Dr. Kane, and ethule by Berzelius). 1840 Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc. I. 311 Mr. Boyè read a communication entitled ‘On the Perchlorate of the Oxide of Ethule.’ 1850 Daubeny Atom. Th. vii. (ed. 2) 219 If we suppose then a body to exist, consisting of C4H5..it has been proposed to designate it by the term ethyle. 1862 Sir H. Holland Ess., Mod. Chem. 450 Ethyl..the radical of the numerous class of ethers. 1869 Roscoe Elem. Chem. (1875) 295 Alcohol may be regarded as water in which one atom of hydrogen has been replaced by ethyl.

Comb.

1874 Index to Jrnl. Chem. Soc. 1848–72 144/2 *Ethyl acetate, action of sodium and isopropylic iodide on. 1940 Chambers's Techn. Dict. 310/1 Ethyl acetate,..colourless liquid of fruity odour, used as a lacquer solvent and in medicine.

1874 Jrnl. Chem. Soc. XXVII. 883 The complicated changes involved in all previous processes are at once simplified if *ethyl acetoacetate, CH3.CO.CH2.CO.OC2H5, be taken as the starting point. 1964 B. G. Clark Mod. Org. Chem. xv. 292 Ethyl acetoacetate, or ethyl β-ketobutyrate, is the most important of the β-keto-esters. The free acid occurs in the urine of uncontrolled sugar diabetics.

1869 Roscoe Elem. Chem. 310 *Ethyl alcohol, known as spirits of wine.

1878 Jrnl. Chem. Soc. XXXIV. 1065/1 *Ethyl ether, brominated. 1885 I. Remsen Introd. Study Compounds of Carbon iv. 42 Ethyl ether, C4H10O = (C2H5)2O.{b1} This is the substance commonly known simply as ether, or sulphuric ether.

1868 Jrnl. Chem. Soc. XXI. 528/1 *Ethyl formate. 1960 A. E. Bender Dict. Nutrition 46/2 Ethyl formate, H.COOC2H5. Fumigant used against raisin moth..etc... Chemical intermediate—in synthesis of B1, sulphadiazine, etc.

1877 Watts Fownes' Chem. II. 47 Ethane..is formed..by the action of zinc and water on *ethyl iodide.

1905 Jrnl. Chem. Soc. LXXXVII. 483 *Ethyl iodoacetate, ethyl bromoacetate, and methyl bromoacetate interact at 25° with one equivalent of sodium thiosulphate. 1932 A. Huxley Brave New World iii. 54 Phosgene, chloropicrin, ethyl iodoacetate.

1870 Jrnl. Chem. Soc. XXIII. 455/1 *Ethyl nitrite, action of sulphurous acid on. 1961 Brit. Med. Dict. 523/2 Ethyl nitrite, C2H5.O.NO, a compound which, dissolved in alcohol.., has been used in angina pectoris with limited effect.

  Hence many derivatives, names of compounds containing ethyl, as ˈethylaˌmine, a compound (NH₂C₂H₅) of the ammonia type in which one of the hydrogen atoms of ammonia is replaced by ethyl. ˈethylate n., a salt of the radical ethyl, in which ethyl takes the place of the oxygenated group in a metallic salt. ˈethylate v. trans., to convert into an ethyl compound, to introduce ethyl into; also ethylated ppl. adj., ethylating vbl. n. ˌethylˈbenzene, a hydrocarbon, C₈H₁₀, usually made from ethylene and benzene. ˌethylhydroˈcuprein(e, a derivative of quinine having various bactericidal uses. ethylia, a synonym of ethylamine; now disused. eˈthylic a., of ethyl; = ethyl, used attributively, as in ethylic cyanate = ethyl cyanate. ethylˈmorphine, a toxic homologue of morphine, C₁₉H₂₃NO₃.

1850 Daubeny Atom. Th. viii. (ed. 2) 239 *Ethylamine..where it [1 atom of hydrogen] is replaced by ethyle. 1875 Ure Dict. Arts II. 309 Several alkaloids existing in the animal and vegetable kingdom afford ethylamine on distillation with potash.

1864 Athenæum No. 1937. 788/3 The *ethylate of acetyl. 1880 Med. Temp. Jrnl. July 165 Report on the use of Ethylate of Sodium (Sodium Alcohol).

1850 Phil. Trans. R. Soc. CXL. 110, I have not attempted to *ethylate this compound any farther. 1920 Chemical Age III. 557/2, I have to learn, for example, how to ethylate alpha-naphthylamine [printed naphthalymine] very expeditiously at 100° C. on a commercial scale by means of ethyl chloride.

1850 Phil. Trans. R. Soc. CXL. 110 In..the other *ethylated bases, the properties of the mother-compound are only slightly modified. 1861 G. Fownes Man. Elem. Chem. (ed. 8) 607 (heading) Methylated and ethylated derivatives of natural bases.

1920 Jrnl. Soc. Chem. Industry XXXIX. T1/1 Although English manufacturers of ethylated products are persistently demanding ethyl sulphate and other *ethylating agents, none of these can compete with ethyl chloride. Ibid. 3/1 As to the method of ethylating amino compounds with ethyl chloride, it is..impossible to generalize.

1873 Jrnl. Chem. Soc. XXVI. 1028 (title) Action of bromine on boiling *ethylbenzene. 1934 Jrnl. R. Aeronaut. Soc. XXXVIII. 315 In addition to benzene and toluol derived from coal tar, higher aromatic hydrocarbons such as ethyl-benzene, pseudo-cumene and mesitylene have been synthesised and used..as fuel for aviation engines. 1964 N. G. Clark Mod. Org. Chem. xix. 376 The first homologue is methylbenzene, C6H5.CH3, known as ‘toluene’, which is followed by ethylbenzene, C6H5.C2H5, and higher alkylbenzenes.

1913 Thron & Freund U.S. Pat. 1,062,203 2/2 We claim..the process of producing *ethyl-hydrocupreine which comprises treating hydrocupreine with an ethylating agent. 1914 Chem. Abstr. 2756 In human syphilis marked effect was obtained with..injection of ethyl hydrocuprein. 1925 C. H. Browning Bacteriology xi. 252 But, so far, the only success obtained in generalised infections due to the ordinary bacteria is the cure of pneumococcal infection in mice by means of Morgenroth's ‘optoquine’ (ethyl⁓hydrocuprein, a derivative of quinine).

1873 Williamson Chem. for Stud. 241 This remarkable base was called ethylamine by Würtz, its discoverer, but is now more commonly called *Ethylia.

1869 Eng. Mech. 26 Nov. 255/3 Circumstances lead the operator to suspect that hydro-carbon to be *ethylic hydride. 1873 Watts Fownes' Chem. 580 Ethylic ether is also called common ether, or simply ether.

1912 Jrnl. Chem. Soc. CII. i. 797 (heading) *Ethylmorphine and ethylmorphine hydrochloride (Dionine). 1964 S. Duke-Elder Parsons' Dis. Eye (ed. 14) 564 Therapeutic preparations. Eye-drops. Ethylmorphine (Dionene).

Oxford English Dictionary