I think you would have to rewrite the code specifically for the surface you want to print on, so the printer recognizes the base is not flat.
You'd have to attach an identical pot in exactly the same spot on your printer bed for each print.
For the pots you show, you might try printing just the black design flat, maybe 1 mm thick to keep it flexible, then gluing it to your pot. Using soft filament would make this easier.
Another option would be a 3D pen.
Or use a cutting machine like a Cricut to cut it in self stick vinyl. I believe those machines use SVG files.