Why don't cats have to pant? I understand why dogs pant and humans transpire, namely for temperature homeostasis. So why don't cats need to do either, even after expending a lot of energy on a hot day?

Cats are smaller and hotter than dogs and humans, with a temperature between 100.4°F and 102.5°F (38.1°C to 39.2°C).

Smaller animals have a higher surface-to-volume ratio and so radiate excess heat more efficiently.

Being hotter, cats tolerate higher temperatures.

I could not find an accessible ref for this, please insert some if you can find some.