As far as I know, there is nothing wrong with your understanding or example. It's correct that the price of anarchy in the game is $20/0 = \infty$.
But usually we're not interested in studying such games, so this issue usually doesn't arise. A different way in which we can get an unbounded price of anarchy that does come up often is to have a sequence of games of increasing size (say increasing number of players), and for each one, the POA is larger than the last. Then we say that such a "game" (really a family of games) has an unbounded POA.