My experience is that governance in an Agile setting is successful when it's put in place to enhance the work itself rather than as a means to control the workers.
Scrum has certain elements of governance built in. The Product owner has governance over the Product backlog. The team has governance over the Sprint backlog. Etc.
Basic Scrum does not address governance across larger teams (teams of teams). Certain scaling frameworks address governance (i.e. - Disciplined Agile embraces an architecture owner). Most scaling frameworks allow for a Program Layer and Portfolio Layer that exist above the team level.
Hope that helps!