On my system I can obtain the power drawn from the battery from
cat /sys/class/power_supply/BAT0/power_now
9616000
On Thinkpads if the `tp_smapi` module is loaded, the file is
cat /sys/devices/platform/smapi/BAT0/power_now
The value seems to be in µW, though. You can convert it with any tool you're comfortable with, e.g. `awk`:
awk '{print $1*10^-6 " W"}' /sys/class/power_supply/BAT0/power_now
9.616 W
In case you cannot find the location within the sysfs file system, you can search for it:
find /sys -type f -name power_now 2>/dev/null
Additionally, the package `lm-sensors` may be used to determine the system power usage on some machines:
# sensors power_meter-acpi-0
power_meter-acpi-0
Adapter: ACPI interface
power1: 339.00 W (interval = 1.00 s)