One such function would be $f(x) = x \cdot \sin(\pi\log_2(x))$, which has zeros at $x = 2^n$, $n\in\mathbb{Z}$ and between two consecutive zeros $2^n$, $2^{n+1}$ reaches an amplitude between $2^n$ and $2^{n+1}$.
This has the right scaling behaviour: "Zooming in" by a factor of $2$ on the graph of the function corresponds to looking at the graph of $2f(\frac{x}{2}) = 2\frac{x}{2} \sin\left(\pi (\log_2(x)-\log_2(2))\right) = x \sin(\pi \log_2(x)) = f(x)$. Hence, the graph does not change if you zoom in or out by a factor of $2$.
Here's the graph of $|x|\cdot\sin(\pi\log_{1.618}(|x|))$ (which is invariant under scaling by a factor of $1.618$ instead of $2$), courtesy of Legit Stack:
![Graph of the function](