What you _have_ to do is to show that for any $\varepsilon>0$, there is at least one $\delta>0$ which works. Theoretically, there is no need to supply one, only show that one exists.
However, in practice, given $\varepsilon$, actually supplying a $\delta$ that works turns out to be the most practical way to achieve this. So that's what we do not of the time: for any $\varepsilon>0$ we supply a single, concrete $\delta$. That happens to be exactly what a function is.