The assertion $\phi\to\Box\phi$ is valid in a frame if and only if no world in the frame accesses another distinct world.
If a frame is like that, then whenever $\phi$ is true at a world, it is also true at all accessed worlds, since there aren't any except possibly for the world itself. So $\phi\to\Box\phi$ is true at that world.
And if a frame is not like that like, then some world $u$ accesses another world $v$. Consider the Kripke model on that frame making a proposition $p$ true at $u$ and false at $v$. So $p\to\Box p$ is false at $u$.
So $\phi\to\Box\phi$ is valid in a frame if and only if no world accesses another distinct world.