Yes, Gentoo Hardened uses `fstack-protector-all` by default, so you do not need to pass `CFLAGS` yourself to enable stack smashing protection. The default `CFLAGS` for the Hardened profile include:
CFLAGS="-fPIE -fstack-protector-all -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2" LDFLAGS="-Wl,-z,now -Wl,-z,relro"
See this section from the Gentoo Hardened FAQ for more info.