Yes, this is almost certainly _Bufo bufo_. It has the stocky figure and the warty skin, ruling out the true frogs. It lacks the stripes of _B. calamita_ or _Pelobatus fuscus_. It is brown without the green colors of _Alytes obstetricans_. A red yellow or red belly is not visible at the photos, but I assume you would have noticed it if it was present (ruling out _Bombina sp._ ). See here for some pictures of European toads (not complete and in Dutch, but pictures and latin names are clear.
Finally: a city like Prague lacks specific habitats of the more rare species. Common toad is the most likely to be found there.