Ambiguity of 姿勢 in constructions like 頑張ろうという姿勢 I just have a simple question about volitional verbs + + . I know that means both 'posture' and 'attitude', so I just wanted to get a clarification on whether something like is a _description of an observable state of affairs_ (e.g., you see that the person is heaving, sweating, and concentrating) or is something more _figurative_ (e.g., the person may not show physical signs of exertion, but you intuit their psychological state as one being of exertion). Or are both interpretations possible?

The latter. used like this doesn't refer to a physical posture. It almost certainly refers to an overall attitude. In a rare case where you want to mean the former, you can say something like .