I do not think you will succeed in isolating $g(x)$. (For sure, I would not be able to.)
Just differentiate immediately. We get $g'(x)+x^3g'(x)\cos(g(x))+3x^2\sin(g(x))=4x^3+4$.
Finally, put $x=1$, and solve for $g'(1)$.
You will need $\cos(g(1))$ and $\sin(g(1))$, but these are available from the given information.
**Remark:** One cannot find $g'(1)$ just from the information we have **at** $x=1$. We need to know that the given equation holds in a neighbourhood of $x=1$.