You don't need tridiagonal. Gerschgorin's theorem (plus the fact the eigenvalues of a symmetric matrix are real) implies that all eigenvalues of a strictly diagonally dominant symmetric matrix with positive diagonal elements are positive, and all eigenvalues of a diagonally dominant symmetric matrix with positive diagonal elements are nonnegative.
You do need that "strictly", e.g. $\pmatrix{1 & 1\cr 1 & 1\cr}$ is diagonally dominant but not strictly diagonally dominant, and has an eigenvalue $0$.