The contraint to have a representation as a sum of _distinct_ primes does not really affect the magnitude of $r_k(n)$, i.e. the number of ways to write $n$ as a sum of $k$ primes.
Vinogradov's theorem implies that every sufficiently big odd number is the sum of three primes (since it gives a lower-bound for $r_3(n)$), hence every sufficiently big even number is the sum of four distinct primes.